6533b828fe1ef96bd12881c2

RESEARCH PRODUCT

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subject

0106 biological sciences0301 basic medicinechemistry.chemical_classificationMultidisciplinarybiologyPhotosynthesisbiology.organism_classification01 natural sciences03 medical and health scienceschemistry.chemical_compound030104 developmental biologyPeridininNeoxanthinchemistryAlgaePhotoprotectionBotanyFucoxanthinCarotenoid010606 plant biology & botanyViolaxanthin

description

Fucoxanthin and its derivatives are the main light-harvesting pigments in the photosynthetic apparatus of many chromalveolate algae and represent the most abundant carotenoids in the world's oceans, thus being major facilitators of marine primary production. A central step in fucoxanthin biosynthesis that has been elusive so far is the conversion of violaxanthin to neoxanthin. Here, we show that in chromalveolates, this reaction is catalyzed by violaxanthin de-epoxidase-like (VDL) proteins and that VDL is also involved in the formation of other light-harvesting carotenoids such as peridinin or vaucheriaxanthin. VDL is closely related to the photoprotective enzyme violaxanthin de-epoxidase that operates in plants and most algae, revealing that in major phyla of marine algae, an ancient gene duplication triggered the evolution of carotenoid functions beyond photoprotection toward light harvesting.