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RESEARCH PRODUCT

Des canaux Ioniques de la membrane plasmique lors de la mort cellulaire programmée induite par l’ozone chez A. thaliana

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Tropospheric ozone is a major secondary pollutant. In addition to its role in greenhouse effect gas, ozone is one of the most toxic air pollutants, and its pollution affects both human health and crop productivity. The work presented in this thesis concerns the role of ion channels in the plasma membrane in response to acute exposure to ozone and their interactions with signaling events leading to O3-induced PCD in A. Thaliana cultured cells. We have shown that cell death was genetically controlled and characterized by cell shrinkage similar to the mechanism of "Apoptosis Volume Decrease" (AVD) described in animal. This process is initially promoted by an early activation of a plasma membrane anion channel, amongst which ascorbate-derived oxalic acid production potentially participates to this activation. Our data further suggests an interplay between anion channel with well known plant responses to O3, Ca2+ influx and NADPH-oxidase generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mediating the oxidative cell death. In a second step, K+ outwards rectifying currents are activated in a delayed manner and participate to PCD. This delayed activation could be due to O2•- post-transcriptional regulation of GORK channels. Finally, we also demonstrated caspase-like activities in the cytoplasm and the nucleus. These enzyme activities appear to be correlated with the decrease in vacuolar K+ ion content, but require additional data to understand the underlying mechanisms. This work highlights the importance and the complexity of ion channels regulation in the signaling pathway and the mechanistic processes leading to programmed cell death in plants.