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RESEARCH PRODUCT

Milk and Dairy Products Intake Is Related to Cognitive Impairment at Baseline in Predimed Plus Trial

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Scope: To examine the association between milk and dairy products intake and the prevalence of cognitive decline among Spanish individuals at high cardiovascular risk. Methods and results: Cross-sectional analyses are performed on baseline data from 6744 adults (aged 55-75 years old). Intake of milk and dairy products is estimated using a food frequency questionnaire grouped into quartiles. The risk of developing cognitive impairment is based on the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). A higher prevalence of cognitive decline was found in subjects who consumed more grams. Patients with worse MMSE score (10-24) consumed a mean of 395.14 ± 12.21 g, while patients with better MMSE score (27-30) consumed a mean of 341.23 ± 2.73 g (p < 0.05). Those subjects with the lower milk consumption (<220 g/day) had a higher MMSE score (28.35 ± 0.045). Higher intake of fermented dairy products was observed in participants with a lower MMSE score (OR 1.340, p = 0.003). A positive correlation was found between the consumption of whole milk and the MMSE score (r = 0.066, p < 0.001). Conclusions: These findings suggest that greater consumption of milk and dairy products could be associated with greater cognitive decline according to MMSE. Conversely, consumption of whole-fat milk could be linked with less cognitive impairment in the cross-sectional study. This work was supported in part by grants from Instituto de Salud Carlos III (PI13/00673, PI13/00492, PI13/00272, PI13/01123, PI13/00462, PI13/00233, PI13/02184, PI13/00728, PI13/01090, PI13/01056, PI14/01722, PI14/00636, PI14/00618, PI14/00696, PI14/01206, PI14/01919, PI14/00853, PI14/01374, PI16/00473, PI16/00662, PI16/01873, PI16/01094, PI16/00501, PI16/00533, PI16/00381, PI16/00366, PI16/01522, PI16/01120, PI17/00764, PI17/01183, PI17/00855, PI17/01347, PI17/00525, PI17/01827, PI17/00532, PI17/00215, PI17/01441, PI17/00508, PI17/01732, and PI17/00926); the Cohorte PREDIMED-PLUS grant; the European Research Council (Advanced Research Grant 2013–2018, 340918); the Recercaixa grant (2013ACUP00194); grants from Consejeria de Salud de la Junta de Andalucia (PI0458/2013, PS0358/2016, PI0092/2017, PI0096/2017 and PI0137/2018); a grant from the Generalitat Valenciana (PROMETEO/2017/017); a SEMERGEN grant, and funds from the European Regional Development Fund (CB06/03). . This study has been co-funded by FEDER funds. A.M-G. is the recipient of a postdoctoral grant (Juan Rodes JR 17/00023) from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness. I.C-P. was supported by Rio Hortega (CM17/00169) and now is the recipient of a postdoctoral grant (Juan Rodes JR19/00054) from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness. JC.F-G was supported by a research contract from the Servicio Andaluz de Salud (SAS) (B-0003-2017). I.P.G. has received a grant from the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports (FPU 17/01925). M.R.B-L was supported by “Miguel Servet Type I” program (CP15/00028) from the ISCIII-Madrid (Spain), cofinanced by the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional-FEDER. We acknowledge M. Repice for English language editing of this article. All sources of funding of the study should be disclosed.