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RESEARCH PRODUCT

Acute effects of static and dynamic stretching on the neuromuscular system

subject

description

Stretching is traditionally incorporated into pre-exercise routines in health, rehabilitation and sporting environments to condition the neuromuscular system for exercise. While a large body of evidence reported that stretching may acutely impair the subsequent muscular performance, some conflicting results highlight possible mitigating factors of neuromuscular responses variability. Because the limited data available do not present a clear consensus, the aim of this thesis was to investigate the effects of different factors on neuromuscular responses to stretch: the muscle group, the stretch duration and modality. By means of four studies, it has been shown that static stretching may alter maximal voluntary torque and neuromuscular properties, irrespective of the stretch duration. However, these modulations were dependent on the muscle group, and more specifically on the intrinsic stiffness of the muscle-tendon system. Regardless of the stretch duration, static stretching appears to be not effective, or even detrimental, to prepare the musculotendinous system for subsequent exercises, and especially for stiff muscles. It is also relevant that dynamic stretching was not better than static stretching. Even if stretch-induced impairments were mitigated compared to static stretching, dynamic stretching would not optimize muscle strength capacities and central nervous system. However, a short duration of dynamic stretching may be sufficient to reduce passive resistive torque, and therefore potentially increase maximal range of motion, without affecting muscle strength capacities. Finally, dynamic stretching could be considered as dynamic muscle activity, which would partly counteract deleterious muscle-tendon stretching effects. From a practical point of view, dynamic stretching could be a part of warm-up procedure, but should be associated to stronger contractions to optimize the improvement in muscle strength capacities. In summary, the variability of neuromuscular responses to stretch would be dependent on specific factors, such as stretching modality and relative stiffness of the musculotendinous system, emphasizing the importance of taking it into consideration in practice.