6533b835fe1ef96bd129e879

RESEARCH PRODUCT

Tolerance of whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus) early life stages to manganese sulfate is affected by the parents

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European whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus) embryos and larvae were exposed to 6 different manganese sulfate (MnSO4) concentrations from fertilization to the 3-d-old larvae. The fertilization success, offspring survival, larval growth, yolk consumption, embryonic and larval Mn tissue concentrations and transcript levels of detoxification-related genes were measured in the long-term incubation. Full factorial breeding design (4 females x 2 males) enabled examining the significance of both female and male effects, and female-male interactions in conjunction with the MnSO4 exposure on the observed endpoints. The MnSO4 exposure reduced the survival of the whitefish early life stages. Also the offspring MnSO4 tolerance was affected by the female parent, and the female-specific mean lethal concentrations (LC50) varied from 42.0 to 84.6 mg MnSO4/L. The larval yolk consumption seemed slightly inhibited at the exposure concentration of 41.8 mg MnSO4/L. The MnSO4 exposure caused a significant induction of metallothionein-A (mt-a) and metallothionein-B (mt-b) in the 3-d-old larvae, and at the exposure concentration of 41.8 mg MnSO4/L the mean larval mt-a and mt-b expressions were 47.5 and 56.6% higher, respectively, than at the control treatment. These results illustrate whitefish reproduction can be impaired in waterbodies that receive Mn and SO4 in concentrations substantially above the typical levels in boreal freshwaters, but the offspring tolerance can be significantly affected by the parents and in particular the female parent. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved