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RESEARCH PRODUCT
Solar Surface Magnetism and Irradiance on Time Scales from Days to the 11-Year Cycle
Greg KoppV. DomingoSami K. SolankiNatalie A. KrivovaIlaria ErmolliA. VöglerH. C. SpruitM. HaberreiterWerner SchmutzClaus FröhlichPeter FoxYvonne C. Unruhsubject
Solar minimumSunspotMeteorologyintegumentary systemPhysics::Instrumentation and DetectorsPhysics::Medical PhysicsIrradiancefood and beveragesAstronomy and AstrophysicsSolar maximumAtmospheric sciencesSolar irradianceCoronaSolar cycleSpace and Planetary Sciencebiological sciencesPhysics::Space PhysicsCoronal mass ejectionEnvironmental scienceAstrophysics::Solar and Stellar AstrophysicsAstrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysicsdescription
The uninterrupted measurement of the total solar irradiance during the last three solar cycles and an increasing amount of solar spectral irradiance measurements as well as solar imaging observations (magnetograms and photometric data) have stimulated the development of models attributing irradiance variations to solar surface magnetism. Here we review the current status of solar irradiance measurements and modelling efforts based on solar photospheric magnetic fields. Thereby we restrict ourselves to the study of solar variations from days to the solar cycle. Phenomenological models of the solar atmosphere in combination with imaging observations of solar electromagnetic radiation and measurements of the photospheric magnetic field have reached high enough quality to show that a large fraction (at least, about 80%) of the solar irradiance variability can be explained by the radiative effects of the magnetic activity present in the photosphere. Also, significant progress has been made with magnetohydrodynamic simulations of convection that allow us to relate the radiance of the photospheric magnetic structures to the observations.
| year | journal | country | edition | language |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2009-07-01 | Space Science Reviews |