6533b851fe1ef96bd12a8f2a

RESEARCH PRODUCT

Influence of Menstrual Cycle or Hormonal Contraceptive Phase on Energy Intake and Metabolic Hormones—A Pilot Study

Johanna K. IhalainenAnna KotkajuuriAnthony C. HackneyRitva S. Taipale-mikkonenHeikki KyröläinenIda Löfberg

subject

medicine.medical_specialtymedia_common.quotation_subjectmedicine.medical_treatmentprogesteronienergy availability030209 endocrinology & metabolismkuukautisetprogesteronesex hormonesleptinArticleDiseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology03 medical and health sciencesTotal Ghrelin0302 clinical medicineGroup differencesInternal medicineestradiolMedicineleptiiniOvulationaineenvaihduntaMenstrual cyclemedia_commonsuorituskykysukupuolihormonitbusiness.industryInsulinLeptin030229 sport sciencesRC648-665hormonitEndocrinologyenergiansaantikuukautiskiertoghrelinGhrelingreliinibusinessHormoneurheilijat

description

Sex hormones are suggested to influence energy intake (EI) and metabolic hormones. This study investigated the influence of menstrual cycle (MC) and hormonal contraceptive (HC) cycle phases on EI, energy availability (EA), and metabolic hormones in recreational athletes (eumenorrheic, NHC = 15 and monophasic HC-users, CHC = 9). In addition, 72-h dietary and training logs were collected in addition to blood samples, which were analyzed for 17β-estradiol (E2), progesterone (P4), leptin, total ghrelin, insulin, and tri-iodothyronine (T3). Measurements were completed at four time-points (phases): Bleeding, mid-follicular (FP)/active 1, ovulation (OVU)/active 2, mid-luteal (LP)/inactive in NHC/CHC, respectively. As expected, E2 and P4 fluctuated significantly in NHC (p &lt

yearjournalcountryeditionlanguage
2021-04-16Endocrines
10.3390/endocrines2020008http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/endocrines2020008