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Similaritons in optical fiber Raman amplifiers

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This thesis presents the generation of optical similaritons in a normally dispersive Raman amplifier at telecom wavelengths. The pulses experimentally characterized by FROG technique exhibit a parabolic intensity profile with a linear chirp, in good agreement with results of numerical simulations.Several theoretical features of the similaritons have been experimentally studied. The dynamics of two similaritons with same or different central wavelengths is also investigated: similaritons are robust against collisions, whereas the interaction of similaritons leads to the generation of high-repetition rate dark soliton train.The similariton properties have been finally applied into three fields: ultra-short pulse generation, pulse shaping and optical regeneration of high-bit-rate pulse trains.