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RESEARCH PRODUCT

Expansion dynamics of the plasma plume formed by the impact of a nanosecond Nd : YAG laser beam on metallic surface under atmospheric conditions : experimental characterisation and numerical simulation

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Laser ablation in the air at atmospheric pressure is nowadays frequently applied in industry, chemical analysis, surgery… For a further development of laser ablation based technologies, it is necessary to better understand the laser – matter interaction. During the impact of a laser pulse on the surface of the treated material, a plasma plume forms above the target surface. This plume contains particles (electrons, ions, atoms) of ablated matter, as well as of ambient gas, if present. During the laser pulse, this plume absorbs a large amount of the laser beam energy, thus reducing the quantity of the laser radiation arriving to the target surface. Dimensions, as well as parameters of this plasma plume evolve very quickly in time. Study of the plasma plume’s dynamics and parameters is very important, since they influence all the physical processes occurring at the surface of the treated material. In this work, we have investigated the expansion of the plasma plume formed during the laser ablation of metallic targets (Al, Ti, Fe) by a Nd:YAG laser beam (wavelength 1064 nm, pulse duration 5.1 ns and irradiance of the order of GW/cm2) in the air at atmospheric pressure using fast imaging technique. The obtained results show that laser ablation plume has a certain structure: two regions have been distinguished – the core and the periphery of the plume. Dynamics of these two plume regions has been studied and expansion velocities have been determined. In addition, we have examined the influence of the laser irradiance, as well as of the target composition on the plume dynamics. On the other hand, we have developed numerical models in COMSOL Multiphysics in order to simulate laser ablation process. A thermal model has been used to simulate the laser – target interaction. The results obtained from this model have been employed as boundary conditions in the hydrodynamic model, used to simulate plasma plume expansion in the ambient air. Two approaches have been proposed: microscopic and macroscopic approach. The results obtained by the simulation based on macroscopic approach give temporal evolution and spatial distribution (1D) of plume parameters: density, velocity and pressure.