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The index theorem on the lattice with improved fermion actions

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We consider a Wilson-Dirac operator with improved chiral properties. We show that, for arbitrarily rough gauge fields, it satisfies the index theorem if we identify the zero modes with the small real eigenvalues of the fermion operator and use the geometrical definition of topological charge. This is also confirmed in a numerical study of the quenched Schwinger model. These results suggest that integer definitions of the topological charge based on counting real modes of the Wilson operator are equivalent to the geometrical definition. The problem of exceptional configurations and the sign problem in simulations with an odd number of dynamical Wilson fermions are briefly discussed. We consider a Wilson-Dirac operator with improved chiral properties. We show that, for arbitrarily rough gauge fields, it satisfies the index theorem if we identify the zero modes with the small real eigenvalues of the fermion operator and use the geometrical definition of topological charge. This is also confirmed in a numerical study of the quenched Schwinger model. These results suggest that integer definitions of the topological charge based on counting real modes of the Wilson operator are equivalent to the geometrical definition. The problem of exceptional configurations and the sign problem in simulations with an odd number of dynamical Wilson fermions are briefly discussed. We consider a class of lattice fermion actions with improved chiral properties. We show that, for arbitrarily rough gauge fields, they satisfy the index theorem if we identify the zero-modes with the small real eigenvalues of the fermion operator and use the standard geometrical definition of topological charge. We present a numerical study of the simplest of these improved operators in the quenched Schwinger model. The problem of exceptional configurations and the sign problem in simulations with an odd number of dynamical Wilson fermions are briefly discussed.