Search results for " AD"
showing 10 items of 18632 documents
The Gut Microbiota in Cardiovascular Disease and Arterial Thrombosis
2019
The gut microbiota has emerged as a contributing factor in the development of atherosclerosis and arterial thrombosis. Metabolites from the gut microbiota, such as trimethylamine N-oxide and short chain fatty acids, were identified as messengers that induce cell type-specific signaling mechanisms and immune reactions in the host vasculature, impacting the development of cardiovascular diseases. In addition, microbial-associated molecular patterns drive atherogenesis and the microbiota was recently demonstrated to promote arterial thrombosis through Toll-like receptor signaling. Furthermore, by the use of germ-free mouse models, the presence of a gut microbiota was shown to influence the syn…
Anaplasma phagocytophilum Induces TLR- and MyD88-Dependent Signaling in In Vitro Generated Murine Neutrophils
2021
Anaplasma phagocytophilum is a tick-transmitted obligate intracellular Gram-negative bacterium that replicates in neutrophils. It elicits febrile disease in humans and in animals. In a mouse model, elimination of A. phagocytophilum required CD4+ T cells, but was independent of IFN-γ and other classical antibacterial effector mechanisms. Further, mice deficient for immune recognition and signaling via Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2, TLR4 or MyD88 were unimpaired in pathogen control. In contrast, animals lacking adaptor molecules of Nod-like receptors (NLR) such as RIP2 or ASC showed delayed clearance of A. phagocytophilum. In the present study, we investigated the contribution of further pattern…
Evidence for Human Adaptation and Foodborne Transmission of Livestock-Associated Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureus: Table 1.
2016
We investigated the evolution and epidemiology of a novel livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strain, which colonizes and infects urban-dwelling Danes even without a Danish animal reservoir. Genetic evidence suggests both poultry and human adaptation, with poultry meat implicated as a probable source.
Gliding Motility and Expression of Motility-Related Genes in Spreading and Non-spreading Colonies of Flavobacterium columnare
2018
Gliding motility facilitates the movement of bacteria along surfaces in many Bacteroidetes species and results in spreading colonies. The adhesins required for the gliding are secreted through a gliding motility-associated protein secretion system, known as the type IX secretion system (T9SS). The fish pathogen Flavobacterium columnare produces spreading (rhizoid [Rz], soft [S]) and non-spreading (rough [R]) colony types, of which only the spreading Rz type is virulent. In this study, we explored the spreading behavior of these colony types by microscopic imaging and measured the expression of genes associated with gliding motility and T9SS (gldG, gldH, gldL, sprA, sprB, sprE, sprF, sprT, a…
New Genes Involved in Mild Stress Response Identified by Transposon Mutagenesis in Lactobacillus paracasei
2018
International audience; Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are associated with various plant, animal, and human niches and are also present in many fermented foods and beverages. Thus, they are subjected to several stress conditions and have developed advanced response mechanisms to resist, adapt, and grow. This work aimed to identify the genes involved in some stress adaptation mechanisms in LAB. For this purpose, global reverse genetics was applied by screening a library of 1287 Lactobacillus paracasei transposon mutants for mild monofactorial stresses. This library was submitted independently to heat (52 degrees C, 30 min), ethanol (170 g.L-1, 30 min), salt (NaCl 0.8 M, 24 h), acid (pH 4.5, 24 h…
Milk and blood biomarkers associated to the clinical efficacy of a probiotic for the treatment of infectious mastitis
2016
Previous studies have shown the efficacy of oral administration of selected lactobacilli strains to treat mastitis. The objective of this study was to find microbiological, biochemical and/or immunological biomarkers of the probiotic effect. Women with (n=23) and without (n=8) symptoms of mastitis received three daily doses (109 cfu) of Lactobacillus salivarius PS2 for 21 days. Samples of milk, blood and urine were collected before and after the probiotic intervention, and screened for a wide spectrum of microbiological, biochemical and immunological parameters. In the mastitis group, L. salivarius PS2 intake led to a reduction in milk bacterial counts, milk and blood leukocyte counts and i…
The role of dalbavancin for Gram positive infections in the COVID-19 era: state of the art and future perspectives
2021
INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically challenged the national health systems worldwide in the last months. Dalbavancin is a novel antibiotic with a long plasmatic half-life and simplified weekly administration regimens, thus representing a promising option for the outpatient treatment of Gram-positive infections and the early discharge of hospitalized patients. Dalbavancin is approved for the treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (ABSSSIs). Many preliminary data seem to support its use in other indications, such as osteomyelitis, prosthetic joint infections, and infective endocarditis. AREAS COVERED: A search in the literature using validated keyword…
Effects of Immunonutrition in Advanced Human Immunodeficiency Virus Disease: A Randomized Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial (Promaltia Study)
2018
[Background]: While nutritional interventions with prebiotics and probiotics seem to exert immunological effects, their clinical implications in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–infected subjects initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) at advanced HIV disease remain unclear.
Psammomatoid Calcification-Rich Oncocytic Thyroid Adenoma With Clear-Cell Change
2018
Abundant calcifications and clear-cell change may occur in oncocytic thyroid adenoma (OTA). We aimed to report the features of a case of OTA peculiar by the presence of extensive calcifications and of a clear-cell component. The OTA was detected on a right thyroid lobectomy specimen. Clear-cell change was observed in 15%-20% of the cells. Numerous, focally confluent psammomatoid calcifications, resulting in macrocalcifications, were identified. The nodule cells, uni- or multinucleated oncocytes, including those with clear cytoplasm, expressed heterogeneously TTF1, S100 protein, Bcl2, CD10, as well as CD138 and CD56. Lipid-droplet markers adipophilin and TIP47 were also expressed. In conclus…
Evaluation of cytocompatibility of calcium silicate-based endodontic sealers and their effects on the biological responses of mesenchymal dental stem…
2015
Aim To investigate in vitro the cytocompatibility of the calcium silicate-containing endodontic sealers MTA Fillapex and TotalFill BC Sealer on human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) by assaying their biological responses and compare them with that observed when using an epoxy resin-based sealer (AH Plus). Methodology Specimens from the three different endodontic sealers were eluated with culture medium for 24 h. The cytotoxicity of these eluates was evaluated using the MTT assay. In addition, an in vitro scratch wound healing model was used to determine their effects on cell migration. Cell adhesion to collagen type I after treatment with the different sealer eluates was also meas…