Search results for " AGEING"

Identification of effective parameters for anti-inflammatory concentration in València City's wastewater using fuzzy-set qualitative comparative anal…

2019

The current literature about pharmaceutical and personal care compounds (PPCPs) focuses on identifying their concentration and toxicological risk both in surface water and in wastewater. However, the influence of urban areas (population ageing, income level, hospitals and others) has not yet been analysed. Knowing how a population (and its facilities) affects PPCPs' presence in wastewater is important to identify the conditions that are responsible for their presence. In this work, the influence of water consumption, population ageing, income level, hospitals and nursing homes on the anti-inflammatory concentration have been analysed. To fill the gap between the quantitative data on PPCPs' …

Strategic Actor-Hood and Internal Transformation

2014

In most European countries, the Nordic region included, higher education (HE) has undergone a profound transformation in the last couple of decades. This process is partly a result of substantial changes in society - such as declining birth rates, an ageing population and the rise of a global knowledge-based economy - in tandem with broad policy efforts aimed at modernising the public sector (Peters & Savoie, 1998) as a means of guaranteeing the future sustainability of the (Nordic) welfare state (Christiansen, Petersen, & Haave, 2005).

Pharmacogenomics: questions and concerns

2005

The progressively aging population in the western world, rising socioeconomic expenditure and increasing costs for the treatment of adverse drug reactions, lead to increasing pressure on public spending. The public acceptance of pharmacogenomics is high, therefore, because it promises individualized safe and effective treatment at lower cost. Pharmacogenomics studies the genetic polymorphisms that underlie the variability in drug response between individuals. Despite the great benefits being awaited from this new field, a number of ethical, social and legal concerns arise, which demand rapid strict international regulations in order to prevent discrimination or harm of any kind from society…

2018

Summary Background The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017 comparative risk assessment (CRA) is a comprehensive approach to risk factor quantification that offers a useful tool for synthesising evidence on risks and risk–outcome associations. With each annual GBD study, we update the GBD CRA to incorporate improved methods, new risks and risk–outcome pairs, and new data on risk exposure levels and risk–outcome associations. Methods We used the CRA framework developed for previous iterations of GBD to estimate levels and trends in exposure, attributable deaths, and attributable disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), by age group, sex, year, and location fo…

Mental health of older people: the role of primary care

2011

There are currently over 600 million people aged over 60 and it is predicted that, by 2025, the number will double and, by 2050 there will be over 2 billion people aged 60 and above and the number of over 60's will be greater than the number of children under the age of 15. Co-morbid physical and mental health conditions are associated with an aging population and many of this population will suffer from stroke, hypertension, loneliness, depression, dementia, mobility and sight problems. The traditional approach of caring for people in hospitals is increasingly inappropriate for many of the elderly population and primary care is often the first point of contact for many people seeking acces…

Editor's Choice - Frailty and the management of patients with acute cardiovascular disease:A position paper from the Acute Cardiovascular Care Associ…

2018

Frailty is increasingly seen among patients with acute cardiovascular disease. A combination of an ageing population, improved disease survival, treatable long-term conditions as well as a greater recognition of the syndrome has accelerated the prevalence of frailty in the modern world. Yet, this has not been matched by an expansion of research. National and international bodies have identified acute cardiovascular disease in the frail as a priority area for care and an entity that requires careful clinical decisions, but there remains a paucity of guidance on treatment efficacy and safety, and how to manage this complex group. This position paper from the Acute Cardiovascular Care Associa…

Darwinism and pharmacogenomics: from 'one treatment fits all' to 'selection of the richest'?

2004

Pharmacogenomics and pharmacogenetics are relatively new fields, and have arisen from recent advances in genetic research. They offer new perspectives on the development of pharmaceuticals, allowing drug design to be targeted specifically to the genotype of selected populations. The discussion of who will be considered for the development of these tailored drugs and who will be excluded, in a situation in which both research resources and public expenditure are limited, is provoking and has led to several, still unanswered ethical questions and concerns about fairness and the potential discrimination of fringe groups. Based on the statistical analyses of population averages, patient groups …

Residential Change and Socio-demographic Challenges for Large Housing Estates in Riga, Latvia

2019

Large housing estates from the socialist era are a characteristic feature of the built environment in the cities of Central and Eastern Europe. Many urban researchers are increasingly interested in residential changes in these areas, showing how demographic and socioeconomic processes interact with the decline or upgrading of this distinct type of housing. In Europe, the debate concerning large housing estates is largely related to a declining and ageing population, as well as to housing conditions. In Latvia, the underdeveloped housing market and the massive privatisation of the housing stock to sitting tenants have contributed, since the late-Soviet period, to inherited socio-spatial stru…

Modulation of Nrf2/ARE pathway by food polyphenols: a nutritional neuroprotective strategy for cognitive and neurodegenerative disorders

2011

In recent years, there has been a growing interest, supported by a large number of experimental and epidemi-ological studies, for the beneficial effects of some phenolic substances, contained in commonly used spices and herbs, in preventing various age-related pathologic conditions, ranging from cancer to neurodegenerative diseases. Although the exact mechanisms by which polyphenols promote these effects remain to be elucidated, several reports have shown their ability to stimulate a general xenobiotic response in the target cells, activating multiple defense genes. Data from our and other laboratories have previously demonstrated that curcumin, the yellow pigment of curry, strongly induces…

Ageing and COPD affect different domains of nutritional status: the ECCE study

2010

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and ageing may contribute to malnutrition. We aimed to explore whether COPD and ageing determine malnutrition in different manners. 460 stable COPD outpatients (376 males and 84 females) from the Extrapulmonary Consequences of COPD in the Elderly (ECCE) study database were investigated (age 75.0±5.9 yrs; forced expiratory volume in 1 s 54.7±18.3% predicted). Nutritional status was evaluated using the Mini Nutritional Assessment® (MNA) questionnaire. From the MNA, three scores exploring the domains of the nutritional status were calculated: body composition, energy intake and body functionality scores. Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lun…