Search results for " ASSOCIATION"
showing 10 items of 996 documents
Imaging-guided interventions modulating portal venous flow: Evidence and controversies
2021
Portal hypertension is defined by an increase in the portosystemic venous gradient. In most cases, increased resistance to portal blood flow is the initial cause of elevated portal pressure. More than 90% of cases of portal hypertension are estimated to be due to advanced chronic liver disease or cirrhosis. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts, a non-pharmacological treatment for portal hypertension, involve the placement of a stent between the portal vein and the hepatic vein or inferior vena cava which helps bypass hepatic resistance. Portal hypertension may also be a result of extrahepatic portal vein thrombosis or compression. In these cases, percutaneous portal vein recanalis…
Testing for goodness rather than lack of fit of an X–chromosomal SNP to the Hardy-Weinberg model
2019
The problem of checking the genotype distribution obtained for some diallelic marker for compatibility with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) condition arises also for loci on the X chromosome. The possible genotypes depend on the sex of the individual in this case: for females, the genotype distribution is trinomial, as in the case of an autosomal locus, whereas a binomial proportion is observed for males. Like in genetic association studies with autosomal SNPs, interest is typically in establishing approximate compatibility of the observed genotype frequencies with HWE. This requires to replace traditional methods tailored for detecting lack of fit to the model with an equivalence test…
Decoupled Downlink-Uplink Coverage Analysis with Interference Management for Enriched Heterogeneous Cellular Networks
2016
Heterogeneous cellular networks (HetCNets) offer a promising solution to cope with the current cellular coverage crunch. Due to the large transmit power disparity, while following maximum power received (MPR) association scheme, a larger number of users are associated with macro-cell BS (MBS) than small-cell BSs (SBSs). Therefore, an imbalance load arrangement takes place across the HetCNets. Hence, using cell range expansion-based cell association, we can balance the load across the congested MBS. However, using MPR association scheme, users’ offloading leads to two challenges: 1) macro-cell interference , in which the MBS interferes with the offloaded users, and 2) coupled downlink-uplink…
Fascist Unionization and the Professionalization of Midwives in Italy: A Sicilian Case Study
1994
In the 19th century, Italian midwives (then called levatrice) began to organize in an attempt to resist encroachments being made on their practice by obstetricians. Licensed midwives formed professional societies, organized national congresses, and published journals. By the fascist period (1922–43), with the foundation of the first national state-sanctioned union and the institution of an obligatory professional register (Albo), midwifery achieved the status of a recognized profession. The professionalizing practices of midwives, however, combined with a new state interest in their activities and a broader role for the medical profession in defining the proper place of midwives, held Itali…
Farmers’ autonomous management or state regulation? The consolidation of local irrigation associations in Spain (nineteenth to twentieth centuries)
2019
AbstractThe collective management of irrigation is an essential factor in agrarian development, both present and past. However, the relationship of irrigation associations with the state remains underexplored, despite the increasingly important role played by water policies in the modern world. The present article examines this relationship in Spain over the last two centuries. Our results suggest that, first, the state played a decisive part in the emergence and evolution of irrigation associations, and this belies the assumption of the traditional origin of these institutions; second, that farmers, despite being subject to the regulatory framework, enjoyed substantial autonomy in the mana…
Mundo obrero, cultura y asociacionismo: algunas reflexiones sobre modelos y pervivencias formales
2003
In this article, the author reflects on the associative models chosen by Spanish working and popular classes since the middle of nineteenth century in order to defend their interests, especially in the case of the difussion of culture and education. It is remarkable the continuity and success of some inherited prototypes, as it happened with the «ateneos» until the years of the Spanish civil war. At the same time, workers' organizations tried to satisfy an extensive range of demands by developing multifunctional centres. Examples of these were the «Casas del Pueblo» (People's Houses) erected by the socialist movement.
Tackling Market Failure or Building a Cartel? Creation of an Investment Regulation System in Finnish Forest Industries
2015
Government intervention in the economy is often justified by the need to correct market failures. This study analyzes one case, the investments of Finnish forest industries, in which, in the late 1960s and early 1970s, both policy makers and the trade association representing the sector reasoned that intervention was particularly necessary because otherwise, the only substantial natural resource in the small country would be overexploited. In the long run, however, the growth of forest resources turned out to be higher, and the demand for wood lower, than expected. Furthermore, the most influential industrialists managed to “capture” the regulatory system and make it a component of their ne…
Immigrant Involvement in Voluntary Associations in Europe
2012
This paper measures the impact of immigration on migrants' involvement in associations across Europe. Using multilevel analysis on European Social Survey (ESS) data, we address three questions: Are immigrants likely to become members in voluntary associations? Does this likelihood change with the length of stay in the host country? Does the type of the association make a difference? The findings show that the likelihood of migrants participating in associations increases with the length of stay, while second-generation migrant participation is similar to that of the host society. The relation is stronger for expressive associations and weaker for instrumental-utilitarian ones, while religio…
Comparing local structures of spatio-temporal point processes on linear networks
2022
We employ the Local Indicators of Spatio-Temporal Association (LISTA) functions on linear networks to build a statistical test for local second-order structure. This allows to identify differences in the spatio-temporal clustering behaviour of two point patterns, a point pattern of interest and a background one, both occurring on the same linear network. We illustrate the proposed methodology analysing a traffic-related problem.
Genome-wide meta-analysis identifies six novel loci associated with habitual coffee consumption
2015
Contains fulltext : 155360.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access) Coffee, a major dietary source of caffeine, is among the most widely consumed beverages in the world and has received considerable attention regarding health risks and benefits. We conducted a genome-wide (GW) meta-analysis of predominately regular-type coffee consumption (cups per day) among up to 91,462 coffee consumers of European ancestry with top single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) followed-up in ~30 062 and 7964 coffee consumers of European and African-American ancestry, respectively. Studies from both stages were combined in a trans-ethnic meta-analysis. Confirmed loci were examined for putative functional and b…