Search results for " Aging"

Stress, Professional Lifestyle, and Telomere Biology in Elite Athletes: A Growing Trend in Psychophysiology of Sport

2020

Professional lifestyle and championship period often put a great deal of pressure on athletes, who usually experience highly stressful periods during training for competitions. Recently, biomarkers of cellular aging, telomere length (TL) and telomerase activity (TA), have been considered to investigate the effects of stress and lifestyle factors. Studies in non-athletic populations have shown that stress and poor lifestyle decrease TL and TA. On the other hand, it has been shown that in general, exercise increases TL and its activity, although the underlying mechanisms remained largely unexplored. TL and TA outcomes in elite athletes remain inconclusive and mainly affected by confounding fa…

Curcumin, inflammation, ageing and age-related diseases

2010

Abstract A Symposium regarding the Pathophysiology of Successful and Unsuccessful Ageing was held in Palermo, Italy between April 7 and 8th 2009. Here the lecture by Sikora with some input from the chairpersons Scapagnini and Barbagallo is summarized. Ageing is manifested by the decreasing health status and increasing probability to acquire age-related disease such as cancer, Alzheimer's disease, atherosclerosis, metabolic disorders and others. They are likely caused by low grade inflammation driven by oxygen stress and manifested by the increased level of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-α, encoded by genes activated by the transcription factor NF-κB. It is believed th…

Age and immunity

2006

Abstract Longitudinal studies are defining progressive alterations to the immune system associated with increased mortality in the very elderly. Many of these changes are exacerbated by or even caused by chronic T cell stimulation by persistent antigen, particularly from Cytomegalovirus. The composition of T cell subsets, their functional integrity and representation in the repertoire are all markedly influenced by age and by CMV. How these findings relate to epidemiological, functional, genetic, genomic and proteomic studies of human T cell immunosenescence was the subject of intense debate at an international conference held just before Christmas 2005 in the Black Forest.

Role of persistent CMV infection in configuring T cell immunity in the elderly

2007

Abstract Ageing is associated with declines in many physiological parameters, including multiple immune system functions. The rate of acceleration of the frequency of death due to cardiovascular disease or cancer seems to increase with age from middle age up to around 80 years, plateauing thereafter. Mortality due to infectious disease, however, does not plateau, but continues to accelerate indefinitely. The elderly commonly possess oligoclonal expansions of T cells, especially of CD8 cells, which, surprisingly, are often associated with cytomegalovirus (CMV) seropositivity. This in turn is associated with many of the same phenotypic and functional alterations to T cell immunity that have b…

Healthy Aging and Dietary Patterns

2021

A number of factors contribute to the complex process of aging, which finally define whether someone will or not develop age-associated chronic diseases in late life. These determinants comprise genetic susceptibility as well as various behavioral, environmental, and dietary factors, all of which have been shown to influence specific pathways regulating the aging process and the extension of life, which makes longevity a multidimensional phenomenon. Although a “miraculous elixir” or a “nutrition pill” are not plausible, researchers agree on the notion that nutritional factors have major impact on the risk of age-associated chronic non-communicable diseases and mortality. In recent years nut…

Eurobarometer 51.0: The Elderly and Domestic Violence, March-May 1999

2000

This round of Eurobarometer surveys queried respondents on standard Eurobarometer measures, such as whether they attempted to persuade others close to them to share their views on subjects they held strong opinions about, whether they discussed political matters, and what the goals of the European Union (EU) should be. Additional questions focused on the respondents' knowledge of and opinions on the EU, including how well-informed they felt about the EU, what sources of information about the EU they used, and whether their country had benefited from being an EU member. Another major focus of the surveys was elderly people and domestic violence. Respondents were asked whether retired people …

MAGNESIUM IN AGING

2011

Magnesium and aging.

2009

Over the past decades, the clinical relevance and biological significance of magnesium (Mg) have been documented. Deficiency in Mg, aside from having a negative impact on the energy production pathway required by mitochondria to generate ATP, also reduces the threshold antioxidant capacity of the aging organism and its resistance to free-radical damage. Mg also acts as an antioxidant against free radical damage of the mitochondria. Chronic inflammation and oxidative stress have both been identified as pathogenic factors in aging and in several age-related diseases. Chronic Mg deficiency results in excessive production of oxygen-derived free radicals and low grade inflammation. Aging is very…

Magnesium and Health

2019

Magnesium (Mg) is the second most abundant cation after potassium in the intracellular compartment and has a critical role in modulating a large variety of cellular activities and metabolic pathways. Mg is cofactor in over 300 enzymatic reactions including all reactions that involve ATP utilization and transfer [1,2]. Over the past decades, the clinical relevance of Mg and its impact on health has been documented. In the human body, around 24 grams (1 mole) of Mg are present. Less than 1% of total Mg is in the serum; normal serum Mg concentrations range between 0.75-0.95 mmol/L (1.7-2.5 mg/dL or 1.5-1.9 meq/L). In healthy adults, daily Mg requirement is around 300-400 mg (5 to 6 mg/kg/day) …

Selected theories of ageing organisms

2016

Starzenie się jest złożonym procesem biologicznym, którego mechanizmy nie do końca są znane. Istnieje wiele teorii dotyczących mechanizmów tego procesu. W pracy opisano cztery teorie, które poruszają molekularny aspekt starzenia się organizmów. Jest to teoria telomerowa zakładająca wpływ długości telomerów na długość życia. Telomery to zlokalizowane na końcach chromosomów struktury nukleoproteinowe, chroniące przed utratą informacji genetycznej, ulegające skróceniu z każdym cyklem komórkowym. Nadmiernie skrócone telomery sprzyjają powstawaniu nowotworów, starzeniu się komórki i organizmów. Teoria mitochondrialna mówi o wpływie kumulujących się mutacji w mtDNA na procesy starzenia. Według ni…