Search results for " Animals"

Coffee Restores Expression of lncRNAs Involved in Steatosis and Fibrosis in a Mouse Model of NAFLD

2021

Background and aim: Coffee intake exerts protective effects against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), although without fully cleared mechanisms. In this study we aimed to assess whether coffee consumption may influence the expression of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the liver. Methods: C57BL/6J mice were fed a 12-week standard diet (SD), high-fat diet (HFD) or HFD plus decaffeinated coffee solution (HFD + coffee). Expression of specific lncRNAs involved in NAFLD was analyzed by real-time PCR. For the most differentially expressed lncRNAs, the analysis was also extended to their mRNA targets. Results: Decaffeinated coffee intake reduced body weight gain, prevented NAFLD, lowered…

Biology of the sauropod dinosaurs: the evolution of gigantism

2010

The herbivorous sauropod dinosaurs of the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods were the largest terrestrial animals ever, surpassing the largest herbivorous mammals by an order of magnitude in body mass. Several evolutionary lineages among Sauropoda produced giants with body masses in excess of 50 metric tonnes by conservative estimates. With body mass increase driven by the selective advantages of large body size, animal lineages will increase in body size until they reach the limit determined by the interplay of bauplan, biology, and resource availability. There is no evidence, however, that resource availability and global physicochemical parameters were different enough in the Mesozoic to ha…

Personality predicts social dominance in female zebra finches, Taeniopygia guttata, in a feeding context.

2011

6 pages; International audience; Although personality has been defined as a suite of correlated behaviours, most studies of animal personality actually consider correlations between a few traits. We examined the repeatability and correlational structure of five potential personality traits (activity, neophobia, exploratory tendencies, risk-taking behaviour and obstinacy), in female zebra finches. In addition, we assessed to what extent personality influenced social dominance in a feeding context in this gregarious species. All personality traits were found to be highly repeatable within individuals. In addition, except for obstinacy, all of them were related to each other, thus defining a b…

Noise-induced sleep disturbances and their effects on health

1978

Maternal sleep duration and neonate birth weight: A population-based cohort study.

2021

Objective Sleep duration is an important health indicator. Our aim was to investigate the association between maternal sleep duration and infant birthweight. Methods The study included 2,536 mother-infant pairs of a Spanish birth cohort (2004-2006, INMA project). The exposures were questionnaire-based measures of sleep duration before and during pregnancy. The primary outcome was infant birthweight score (g) standardized to 40 weeks of gestation. Results In women sleeping less than 7 hours per day before pregnancy, each additional hour of sleep increased birthweight score by 44.7 g (p = 0.049) in the minimally-adjusted model, although findings were not statistically significant after consid…

Hypoxemia during Sleep

1988

In most normal subjects arterial oxyhemoglobin saturation (SaO2) remains substantially stable throughout all sleep time: some exceptions however, may be observed especially in elderly subjects, who may show desaturations, sometimes associated with apneas (Block et al., 1979; Krieger et al., 1983; Catterall et al., 1985). Conversely, SaO2 drops during part of, or even the whole sleep time, are a common finding in pathological conditions like obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Sleep Apnea: New Insights

2004

Sleep apnea is the most common disorder of breathing during sleep. It is defined as repeated episodes of obstructive apnea and hypopnea during sleep, together with daytime sleepiness or altered cardiopulmonary function [1]. There are three syndromes of upper airway closure during sleep: obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), obstructive sleep hypopnea, and upper airway resistance. These three syndromes share two features: excessive daytime sleepiness and arousal associated with increased ventilatory effort in response to upper airway closure. The specific sites of narrowing or closure and upper airway dysfunction are influenced by the underlying neuromuscular tone, upper airway muscle synchrony, an…

Depressive symptoms and childhood sleep apnea syndrome

2012

Marco Carotenuto,1 Maria Esposito,1 Lucia Parisi,2 Beatrice Gallai,3 Rosa Marotta,4 Antonio Pascotto,1 Michele Roccella21Sleep Clinic for Developmental Age, Clinic of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy; 2Child Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy; 3Unit of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, University of Perugia, Perugia, 4Department of Psychiatry, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, ItalyBackground: The relationship between sleep and mood regulation is well known, and some reports suggest a key role of sleep-related breathing disorders (SRBD) in the development of …

Reference values for mean overnight saturation in sleep apnoea – the European Sleep Apnoea Database (ESADA)

2020

Introduction: Normative values for mean overnight oxygen saturation during sleep in apnoea patients stratified for age, BMI, and sleep apnoea severity are lacking. Aim: To establish reference intervals for overnight mean saturation in a large sleep apnoea patient cohort. Methods: Mean overnight oxygen saturation was analysed in adult patients (n=23,220) from the European Sleep Apnoea Database (ESADA, 30 sleep centres, 18 European countries). Data were classified according to age, gender, BMI ( Results: Mean overnight saturation was 93.0% (95% confidence interval (CI) 92.9 to 93.1%). Age influenced the adjusted mean nocturnal saturation (93.6%, 93.2%, 92.9%, 92.5%, 92.2% and 91.9% for those …

Interrater reliability between scorers from eight European sleep laboratories in subjects with different sleep disorders

2004

Interrater variability of sleep stage scorings is a well-known phenomenon. The SIESTA project offered the opportunity to analyse interrater reliability (IRR) between experienced scorers from eight European sleep laboratories within a large sample of patients with different (sleep) disorders: depression, general anxiety disorder with and without non-organic insomnia, Parkinson's disease, period limb movements in sleep and sleep apnoea. The results were based on 196 recordings from 98 patients (73 males: 52.3 +/- 12.1 years and 25 females: 49.5 +/- 11.9 years) for which two independent expert scorings from two different laboratories were available. Cohen's kappa was used to evaluate the IRR o…