Search results for " Antibiotics"

It is Time for Action in the Struggle against Antibiotic-Resistance, Let’s Start Reducing or Replacing Antibiotics in Agriculture

2016

Million people around the world are infected each year and thousands of them die from pathogens that are resistant to the treatment by any of known antibiotics [1]. The excessive use and abuse of antibiotics in clinical setting and in agriculture, added to the great ability of microorganisms to evolve, are the causes of the wide spread of isolates resistant to all major classes of current antibiotics. It is time for action in order to tackle antimicrobial-resistance (AMR), which can be considered a major threat to global health care and security. While we are waiting for new antimicrobial molecules and strategies, shorter-term approaches are needed to address the menace of AMR and preserve …

Pirin: A novel redox-sensitive modulator of primary and secondary metabolism in Streptomyces

2018

Pirins are evolutionarily conserved iron-containing proteins that are found in all kingdoms of life, and have been implicated in diverse molecular processes, mostly associated with cellular stress. In the present study, we started from the evidence that the insertional inactivation of pirin-like gene SAM23877_RS18305 (pirA) by Phi C31 Att/Int system-based vectors in spiramycin-producing strain Streptomyces ambofaciens ATCC 23877 resulted in marked effects on central carbon and energy metabolism gene expression, high sensitivity to oxidative injury and repression of polyketide antibiotic production. By using integrated transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolite profiling, together with genetic…

Outbreak of ST395 KPC-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in Palermo, Italy

2018

Efficacy and safety of dalbavancin in the treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (ABSSSIs) and other infections in a real-li…

2020

Objectives: We evaluated the efficacy and safety of dalbavancin in ABSSSI and ‘other sites’ infections’ (OTA). Methods: Observational study involving 11 Italian hospitals including patients that received ≥1 dose of dalbavancin in 2016–2019. The outcome was end-of-treatment efficacy and safety in ABSSSI and OTA in a real-life setting. Results: 206 patients enrolled (males 50%, median age 62 [IQR 50–76] years), 60.2% ABSSSI, 39.8% OTA. 69.7% ABSSSI vs 90.7% OTA (p = 0.003) and 46.3% ABSSSI vs 37.2% OTA (p = 0.786) received previous and concomitant antibiotics, respectively. 82.5% reached clinical cure. Eleven (5.4%) patients had non-serious adverse events (AE). OTA patients showed longer hosp…

Complex Regulatory Networks Governing Production of the Glycopeptide A40926

2018

Glycopeptides (GPAs) are an important class of antibiotics, with vancomycin and teicoplanin being used in the last 40 years as drugs of last resort to treat infections caused by Gram-positive pathogens, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. A few new GPAs have since reached the market. One of them is dalbavancin, a derivative of A40926 produced by the actinomycete Nonomuraea sp. ATCC 39727, recently classified as N. gerenzanensis. This review summarizes what we currently know on the multilevel regulatory processes governing production of the glycopeptide A40926 and the different approaches used to increase antibiotic yields. Some nutrients, e.g., valine, l-glutamine and mal…

Lactobacillus plantarum LUHS135 and paracasei LUHS244 as functional starter cultures for the food fermentation industry: Characterisation, mycotoxin-…

2018

Abstract Lactobacillus plantarum LUHS135 and Lactobacillus paracasei LUHS244 from fermented cereals were isolated and their properties (carbohydrate metabolism, gas production, ability to survive at a low pH values, growth performance at different temperatures, antimicrobial properties against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, Corynebacter spp, Klebsiella pneomoniae, Enterococcus faecalis, Bacillus cereus, Proteus mirabilis, Clostridium spp., Streptococcus spp., resistance to antibiotics, and reducing properties for aflatoxin B1, ochratoxin A, HT-2 toxin, T-2 toxin, zearalenone) were evaluated. Also, the possibilities to use dairy by-produ…

Considerations on acute otitis externa for its optimized treatment

2009

Abstract Introduction and objectives To evaluate the optimal treatment for diffuse acute otitis externa (DAOE) by means of a new staging system based on clinical and otoscopic findings. Methods Monitoring of otitis cases diagnosed at our centre over the last 21 months (n = 1026), taking into account those who returned for a second visit, either via the emergency room or with a prior appointment. Staging of otitis externa by degree of obstruction of the external auditory canal (EAC): under 25% (type I, n = 174); between 25% and 75% (type II, n = 277); over 75% (type III, n = 359); total obstruction due to organized oedema (type IV, n = 216). Results In most cases at an advanced stage, the ca…

Isolation in small populations of Wayampi Amerindians promotes endemicity and homogenisation of their faecal virome, but its distribution is not enti…

2018

The isolated community of the Wayampi Amerindians has been extensively studied for the presence of beta lactamase-producing enterobacteria and their gut microbiota. However, no information about their virome was available. This study tries to establish potential associations between the virome and diverse epidemiological data, through the metagenomic study of the faecal prophages and DNA viruses from 31 samples collected in 2010. Taxonomic assignments, composition, abundance and diversity analyses were obtained to characterise the virome and were compared between groups according to several demographic, environmental and medical data. Prophages outnumbered viruses. Composition and abundance…

Association of derived neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (dNLR) with pathological complete response (pCR) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (CT)

2019

Abstract Background dNLR is a novel biomarker associated with clinical outcome in solid tumors including early stage breast cancer (BC). Here we report the association of dNLR with pCR in triple-negative (TN) and luminal BC patients (pts) treated with neoadjuvant CT. Methods This was a retrospective analysis of two randomized studies (GEICAM/2006-03 - NCT00432172 and ETNA - NCT01822314) involving 821 pts with early stage (>2cm) or locally advanced TN or luminal BC receiving anthracycline/taxane-based CT +/- carboplatin (GEICAM/2006-03) or nab-paclitaxel/paclitaxel followed by anthracycline regimen (ETNA). dNLR was calculated as the ratio of neutrophils and the difference between total leuko…

Removal of drugs in aqueous systens by photoassisted degradation

2005

Aqueous solutions of tetracycline, lincomycin and ranitidine were irradiated with UV light in homogeneous and heterogeneous systems. Two commercial polycrystalline TiO2 powders (Degussa P25 and Merck) were used as photocatalysts. After 5A h, an appreciable photolytic degradation of tetracycline and ranitidine was observed while the degradation of lincomycin was noticeably lower. As far as the mineralization is concerned, a small decrease of the TOC values was measured in the case of tetracycline whereas negligible variations were found for lincomycin or ranitidine. The presence of the photocatalysts greatly enhanced the degradation rates of the drugs with respect to those observed during th…