Search results for " Auditory"
showing 10 items of 240 documents
Cognitive control after distraction: event-related brain potentials (ERPs) dissociate between different processes of attentional allocation.
2008
Attentional reallocation after a distracting event is an important function of cognitive control. This process is tapped by the reorienting negativity (RON) event-related brain potential. It was argued that the RON reflects orientation of attention to relevant information in working memory. To test this hypothesis participants performed an auditory duration discrimination task. The stimuli were presented in a frequent standard or a rare deviant pitch with deviants resulting in behavioral distraction. Participants accomplished this task under two conditions: In the refocus condition participants were asked to respond to every stimulus; in the reorient condition participants were instructed t…
The sound of music: differentiating musicians using a fast, musical multi-feature mismatch negativity paradigm.
2011
Abstract Musicians’ skills in auditory processing depend highly on instrument, performance practice, and on level of expertise. Yet, it is not known though whether the style/genre of music might shape auditory processing in the brains of musicians. Here, we aimed at tackling the role of musical style/genre on modulating neural and behavioral responses to changes in musical features. Using a novel, fast and musical sounding multi-feature paradigm, we measured the mismatch negativity (MMN), a pre-attentive brain response, to six types of musical feature change in musicians playing three distinct styles of music (classical, jazz, rock/pop) and in non-musicians. Jazz and classical musicians sco…
Both contextual regularity and selective attention affect the reduction of precision‐weighted prediction errors but in distinct manners
2020
Predictive coding model of perception postulates that the primary objective of the brain is to infer the causes of sensory inputs by reducing prediction errors (i.e., the discrepancy between expected and actual information). Moreover, prediction errors are weighted by their precision (i.e., inverse variance), which quantifies the degree of certainty about the variables. There is accumulating evidence that the reduction of precision-weighted prediction errors can be affected by contextual regularity (as an external factor) and selective attention (as an internal factor). However, it is unclear whether the two factors function together or separately. Here we used electroencephalography (EEG) …
Auditory event-related potentials (ERP) reflect temporal changes in speech stimuli
1997
We studied the brain's reactions to deviations in the duration of a stop consonant using event-related potentials in an oddball paradigm. A naturally produced nonsense word was used as a frequent standard stimulus which differed from two infrequently presented deviant stimuli only by the duration of the silence period inside the stop, making the consonant sound longer. Evoked responses to the deviant stimuli showed sharply rising negativity after the unexpected prolongation of the silence and a later negativity, the duration of which was related to the timing of the beginning of the second part of the deviant sound. This later negativity is, at least partly, elicited by a mismatch process t…
The processing of mispredicted and unpredicted sensory inputs interact differently with attention
2018
International audience; Prediction and attention are fundamental brain functions in the service of perception. Interestingly, previous investigations found prediction effects independent of attention in some cases but attention-dependent in other cases. The discrepancy might be related to whether the prediction effect was revealed by comparing mis-predicted event (where there is incorrect prediction) or unpredicted event (where there is no precise prediction) against predicted event, which are associated with different precision-weighted prediction error. Here we conducted a joint analysis on four published electroencephalography (EEG) datasets which allow for proper dissociation of mispred…
Brain activity during intra- and cross-modal priming: new empirical data and review of the literature
2003
A positron emission tomography (PET) study was conducted to investigate the neurofunctional correlate of auditory within-modality and auditory-to-visual cross-modality stem completion priming. Compared to the auditory-to-auditory priming condition, cross-modality priming was associated with a significantly larger regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) decrease at the boundary between left inferior temporal and fusiform gyri, brain regions previously associated with modality independent lexical retrieval and reading. Instead, within-modality auditory priming was associated with a bilateral pattern of prefrontal rCBF increase. This was likely the expression of more efficient access to output lex…
Abnormal BAEP and internal auditory canal MRI in intracranial hypotension
2017
Intracranial hypotension (IH) is a treatable condition due to cerebrospinal fluid leak, characterised by variable clinical and MRI findings.1 Positional headache, neck stiffness, hearing changes with subdural fluid collection, enhancement of meninges, engorgement of venous structures and brain sagging are among the most frequent clinical and MRI findings. Typical abnormalities are found in 68%–85% of patients1. Hearing alterations (ranging from misperception to severe hearing loss) are known clinical symptoms of IH.1 The mechanism involves secondary perilymph depression due to patency of the cochlear aqueduct, inducing a compensatory expansion of the endolymphatic compartment, decreasing ba…
Hypnotic hypo- and hyperalgesia: divergent effects on pain ratings and pain-related cerebral potentials.
1993
Pain ratings and pain-related cerebral potentials in response to noxious stimuli were investigated under hypnotic hypo- or hyperalgesia. Out of a sample of 50 subjects the 10 most highly hypnotizable were selected using the Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale. Phasic pain was induced by brief electrical stimuli intracutaneously applied to the subject's left middle finger. The subjects took part in three experimental sessions. The first session was without hypnosis for familiarization with the experimental surroundings. In the two other sessions, the subjects were hypnotized and given a suggestion of analgesia or hyperalgesia with respect to pain sensation in the left hand. The sequence o…
Differences in sensory processing of German vowels and physically matched non-speech sounds as revealed by the mismatch negativity (MMN) of the human…
2014
We compared processing of speech and non-speech by means of the mismatch negativity (MMN). For this purpose, the MMN elicited by vowels was compared to those elicited by two non-speech stimulus types: spectrally rotated vowels, having the same stimulus complexity as the speech stimuli, and sounds based on the bands of formants of the vowels, representing non-speech stimuli of lower complexity as compared to the other stimulus types. This design allows controlling for effects of stimulus complexity when comparing neural correlates of processing speech to non-speech. Deviants within a modified multi-feature design differed either in duration or spectral property. Moreover, the difficulty to d…
Separate and Combined Effects of a Benzodiazepine (Alprazolam) and Noise on Auditory Brainstem Responses in Man
1999
Auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) were recorded in 60 male or female, anxious or anxiety-free university students, before and after separated or simultaneous intake of alprazolam and exposure to noise. A significant increase of the latencies of the ABRs was found when subjects took alprazolam. This effect is consistent with the presence of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), one of the neurotransmitters at terminals of cochlear efferent fibres A significant increase of the latencies was observed after noise alone. In subjects taking alprazolam when they are exposed to noise, the effect of noise on the ABR latencies is reduced, but not abolished. The effects of alprazolam on the ABR are consis…