Search results for " Autoimmune"
showing 10 items of 252 documents
IL-17A and IL-17F do not contribute vitally to autoimmune neuro-inflammation in mice
2009
The clear association of Th17 cells with autoimmune pathogenicity implicates Th17 cytokines as critical mediators of chronic autoimmune diseases such as EAE. To study the impact of IL-17A on CNS inflammation, we generated transgenic mice in which high levels of expression of IL-17A could be initiated after Cre-mediated recombination. Although ubiquitous overexpression of IL-17A led to skin inflammation and granulocytosis, T cell–specific IL-17A overexpression did not have a perceptible impact on the development and health of the mice. In the context of EAE, neither the T cell–driven overexpression of IL-17A nor its complete loss had a major impact on the development of clinical disease. Sin…
Regulatory T cells--the renaissance of the suppressor T cells.
2007
Immune reactions are stringently regulated and balanced by complex interactions of stimulating and suppressing mechanisms. Dysfunctions of this sophisticated immune regulatory network can lead to a variety of diseases such as autoimmunity, allergy, cancer, and pregnancy disorders. The rediscovery of suppressor T cells a decade ago--now designated as T regulatory cells--set off a huge avalanche of research activities leading to a multitude of preclinical and clinical studies. Herein, we give a comprehensive review about this research on T regulatory cells and the relevance of this suppressive T cell population for the development of innovative immune therapeutic strategies.
IL-6 controls Th17 immunity in vivo by inhibiting the conversion of conventional T cells into Foxp3+regulatory T cells
2008
The conditions leading to the induction of adaptive Foxp3+regulatory T cells (T-regs) from peripheral T cells in vivo are incompletely understood. Here, we show that unresponsiveness of T cells to IL-6 by T cell-selective deletion of gp130 or immunization of wild-type mice with antigen in incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA), which fails to induce IL-6, promotes the conversion of peripheral CD4+T cells into adaptive Foxp3+T-regs. Thus, both T cell-conditional gp130 knockout (KO) mice immunized with MOG35-55 in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) and wild-type mice immunized with MOG35-55 in IFA develop overwhelming antigen-specific T-reg responses and are protected from experimental autoimmune e…
Endoscopic ultrasonography findings in autoimmune pancreatitis
2011
Endoscopic ultrasonography is an established diagnostic tool for pancreatic masses and chronic pancreatitis. In recent years there has been a growing interest in the worldwide medical community in autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP), a form of chronic pancreatitis caused by an autoimmune process. This paper reviews the current available literature about the endoscopic ultrasonographic findings of AIP and the role of this imaging technique in the management of this protean disease.
Crucial role of aspartic acid at position 265 in the CH2 domain for murine IgG2a and IgG2b Fc-associated effector functions.
2008
Abstract Replacement of aspartic acid by alanine at position 265 (D265A) in mouse IgG1 results in a complete loss of interaction between this isotype and low-affinity IgG Fc receptors (FcγRIIB and FcγRIII). However, it has not yet been defined whether the D265A substitution could exhibit similar effects on the interaction with two other FcγR (FcγRI and FcγRIV) and on the activation of complement. To address this question, 34-3C anti-RBC IgG2a and IgG2b switch variants bearing the D265A mutation were generated, and their effector functions and in vivo pathogenicity were compared with those of the respective wild-type Abs. The introduction of the D265A mutation almost completely abolished the…
Anti-Inflammatory Action of Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein A2/B1 in Patients with Autoimmune Endocrine Disorders
2019
Our previous studies documented that human fibroblast-limbal stem cells (f-LSCs) possess immunosuppressive capabilities, playing a role in regulating T-cell activity. This study highlights the molecular activities by which human f-LSCs can attenuate the inflammatory responses of self-reactive peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) collected from patients with autoimmune endocrine diseases (AEDs). Anti-CD3 activated PBMCs from twenty healthy donors and fifty-two patients with AEDs were cocultured on f-LSC monolayer. 2D-DIGE proteomic experiments, mass spectrometry sequencing and functional in vitro assays were assessed in cocultured PBMCs. We identified the downmodulation of several huma…
Adherence and Reactogenicity to Vaccines against SARS-COV-2 in 285 Patients with Neuropathy: A Multicentric Study
2022
Background: The safety of the new vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 have already been shown, although data on patients with polyneuropathy are still lacking. The aim of this study is to evaluate the adherence to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, as well as the reactogenicity to those vaccines in patients affected by neuropathy. Methods: A multicentric and web-based cross-sectional survey was conducted among patients affected by neuropathy from part of South Italy. Results: Out of 285 responders, n = 268 were included in the final analysis and n = 258 of them (96.3%) were fully vaccinated. Adherence to vaccination was higher in patients with hereditary neuropathies compared to others, while it was lower in …
Impairment of TGF-β signaling in T cells increases susceptibility to experimental autoimmune hepatitis in mice
2002
In autoimmune hepatitis, strong TGF-beta1 expression is found in the inflamed liver. TGF-beta overexpression may be part of a regulatory immune response attempting to suppress autoreactive T cells. To test this hypothesis, we determined whether impairment of TGF-beta signaling in T cells leads to increased susceptibility to experimental autoimmune hepatitis (EAH). Transgenic mice of strain FVB/N were generated expressing a dominant-negative TGF-beta type II receptor in T cells under the control of the human CD2 promoter/locus control region. On induction of EAH, transgenic mice showed markedly increased portal and periportal leukocytic infiltrations with hepatocellular necroses compared wit…
Clinical update on risks and efficacy of anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in patients with autoimmune hepatitis and summary of reports on post-vaccination li…
2022
Patients with liver diseases, especially those with cirrhosis, have an increased mortality risk when infected by SARS-CoV-2 and therefore anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccine has been recommended by leading Scientific Associations for all patients with chronic liver diseases. However, previous reports have shown a reduced antibody response following the full course of vaccination in immunosuppressed patients, including liver transplant recipients and several rheumatic diseases. This document, drafted by an expert panel of hepatologists appointed by the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver (AISF), aims to present the updated scientific data on the safety and efficacy of anti-SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vac…
Humoral Mechanisms in T cell Vaccination: Induction and Functional Characterization of Anti-lymphocytic Autoantibodies
1997
T cell vaccination, the application of syngeneic attenuated T cells, has been shown to prevent effectively and treat experimental autoimmune diseases, but its mechanisms of action are poorly understood. Here we present data on the induction of a humoral anti-T cell response by T cell vaccination, capable of strongly inhibiting T cell proliferation and of ameliorating experimental autoimmune disease. T cell vaccination in the Lewis rat induced autoantibodies reactive with several syngeneic T cell proteins. These autoantibodies were not detectable in normal Lewis sera as assessed by immunoblotting and flow cytometry with intact syngeneic T cells. The autoantibody reactivity was not restricted…