Search results for " Barrier"

Long-Run Determinants and Short-Run Dynamics of the Trade Balance in the Eu-15 Countries

2016

Several studies have analyzed the long-run determinants of current account balances using panel cointegration techniques. In this paper we will study both the long-run determinants and the short-run dynamics of the trade balances in the EU-15 countries. We will analyze each country separately and decompose the aggregate trade balance into the intra balance (trade balance vis-a-vis euro area) and the extra balance (trade balance vis-a-vis the rest of the world). Overall, our results suggest that there are significant differences in the long-run relations across the EU-15 countries which might be overlooked in the panel cointegration studies. In most of the countries there is a long-run coint…

Isolation and molecular characterization of brain microvascular endothelial cells from human brain tumors.

2002

Brain tumor formation and growth is accompanied by the proliferation and infiltration of blood capillaries. The phenotypes of endothelial cells that make up capillaries are known to differ not only in the tissues in which endothelial cells are located but also as a result of the microenvironment to which they are exposed. For this reason, primary cultures of brain endothelial cells were isolated from human brain tumors removed by surgery and compared with cells from normal tissue. The primary confluent monolayers that grew out of isolated capillary fragments consisted of closely associated, elongated, fusiform-shaped cells. But brain tumor-derived endothelial cells in culture exhibited sign…

Comparative WSSV infection routes in the shrimp genera Marsupenaeus and Palaemon.

2005

Low-temperature atomic layer deposition of SiO2/Al2O3 multilayer structures constructed on self-standing films of cellulose nanofibrils

2018

In this paper, we have optimized a low-temperature atomic layer deposition (ALD) of SiO 2 using AP-LTO® 330 and ozone (O 3 ) as precursors, and demonstrated its suitability to surface-modify temperature-sensitive bio-based films of cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs). The lowest temperature for the thermal ALD process was 80°C when the silicon precursor residence time was increased by the stop-flow mode. The SiO 2 film deposition rate was dependent on the temperature varying within 1.5–2.2 Å cycle −1 in the temperature range of 80–350°C, respectively. The low-temperature SiO 2 process that resulted was combined with the conventional trimethyl aluminium + H 2 O process in order to prepare thin mul…

Languages of Baltic Countries in Digital Age

2018

Today, when we are surrounded by intelligent digital devices – computers, tablets and mobile phones, we expect communication with these devices in a natural language. Moreover, such communication needs to be in our native language. We also expect that language technologies will not only assist us in everyday tasks, but also will help to overcome problems caused by language barriers. This keynote will focus on language resources and tools that facilitate use of languages of three Baltic countries – Estonian, Latvian and Lithuanian -in digital means (computers, tablets, mobile phones), allow to minimize language barriers, facilitate social inclusion, and support more natural human-computer in…

Porous architecture and thermal properties of thermal barrier coatings deposited by suspension plasma spray

2020

Abstract Besides the intrinsic low heat transfer capability of material, the thermal insulation property of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) also relies on their microstructures. For better understanding the relationship between process parameters, porous architecture, and thermal properties of coatings, YSZ coatings were firstly manufactured by suspension plasma spray (SPS). Afterwards their total porosities were characterized by using the technique of X-ray transmission, the nano/submicro pores in those coatings were detected with Ultra-Small Angle X-ray Scattering (USAXS), and the thermal properties of coatings were measured using the laser flash method. The results indicated that: i) the…

Lipopolysaccharides and glucagon-like peptide 1 : from molecular mechanisms to pathophysiology

2016

Obesity and type 2 diabetes are metabolic diseases which have reached epidemic proportions worldwide. These metabolic disorders are related to a low grade inflammation whose molecular origin is still unknown. Previous studies have highlighted the involvement of the gut microbiota and especially components of the cell wall of Gram(-) bacteria: lipopolysaccharides (LPS). We have recently shown that LPS enhance glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) plasma levels, a hormone which is known to stimulate insulin secretion. Moreover there would be a link between the nutritional qualities of food and LPS plasma levels. Thus diet, LPS and GLP-1 may be closely related. The present work focuses on i) the mol…

Comportement en fatigue thermomécanique à haute température d’un système barrière thermique texturé par laser

2020

In service life of Thermal Barrier Coating (TBC) systems for blade applications can be limited by the top-coat (TC) spallation under thermo-mechanical fatigue (TMF) loadings. To improve its TMF life, laser texturing at the bond-coat/top coat interface in the CMSX-4 Plus / γ-γ’ BC/ EB-PVD TC system has been investigated.Thanks to the study of the laser-matter interaction, it seems that the different Ni-based single crystal superalloys have similar laser ablation behaviors and they present almost no sub-surface damage after ablation. Nevertheless, the formation of melted matter near created cavities, possibly recrystallized, is often observed.Different patterns (holes, lines, grids) have been…

In vitro models of blood-brain barrier set by co-culturing primary pericytes, astrocytes and brain capillary endothelial cells

2010

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is formed by brain capillary endothelial cells (BCECs) under the effects of the brain microenvironment. BCECs are sealed together by tight junctions (TJs) [2]. We previously found that occludin, one of the main TJ components, is correctly localized at the cell periphery only if BCECs are co-cultured with neurons/astrocytes [1-2]. Moreover, pericytes induce PLA2 protein expression through activation of PKCalpha and the MAPK/ERK cascade in immortalized GP8.3 endothelial cells [3]. In the present work, we analyzed the effects of pericytes and/or astrocytes on survival and differentiation of primary endothelial cells, in the presence of a serum-free medium. To test…

Welcome aboard: are birds migrating across the Mediterranean Sea using ships as stopovers during adverse weather conditions?

2022

Birds use stopovers during migration to interrupt endurance flight in order to minimize immediate and/or future fitness costs. Stopovers on ships is considered an exceptional and anecdotal event in the ornithological literature. This does not match the experience we had in the summer of 2021, during an oceanographic campaign in the Central Mediterranean, when we regularly observed on average 2.8 birds, of at least 13 species, stopping on board during the 25 days of the campaign. The median stopping time was 42 min, ranging from a few minutes to overnight stays on board. The probability of finding a bird stopping aboard increased with wind force and cloud cover. Birds also stopped more often…