Search results for " Barrier"
showing 10 items of 540 documents
Modulation of [18F]fluorodopa (FDOPA) kinetics in the brain of healthy volunteers after acute haloperidol challenge.
2006
In animal studies, acute antipsychotic treatment was shown to enhance striatal DOPA-decarboxylase (DDC) activity. However, this phenomenon has not been demonstrated in humans by positron emission tomography (PET). Therefore, we investigated acute haloperidol effects on DDC activity in humans using [18F]fluorodopa (FDOPA) PET. Nine healthy volunteers were scanned with FDOPA in drug-free baseline conditions and after 3 days of haloperidol treatment (5 mg/day). A continuous performance test (CPT) was administered in both conditions. The net blood-brain clearance of FDOPA (K(in)app) in striatum, mesencephalon, and medial prefrontal cortex was calculated by volume-of-interest analysis. The macro…
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension: orbital MRI
1995
The case is reported of a patient with idiopathic intracranial hypertension examined with magnetic resonance imaging. Marked enhancement of the optic nerve heads was found, which might be related to blood-retinal barrier breakdown related to a sudden rise in intracranial cerebrospinal fluid pressure.
Occupancy of striatal D 2 -like dopamine receptors after treatment with the sigma ligand EMD 57445, a putative atypical antipsychotic
1999
Rationale: EMD 57445 (panamesine) is a high affinity sigma ligand with the profile of an atypical antipsychotic in animal studies. It has been reported recently to have antipsychotic activity in schizophrenia. However, its metabolite, EMD 59983, binds also to D2 and D3 dopamine (DA) receptors. Objectives: The aim of this study was to test, using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and [123I]iodobenzamide (IBZM) as the radiotracer, whether EMD 59983 would pass the blood-brain barrier and to what extent it would contribute to the effects of EMD 57445 in schizophrenia. Methods: Two IBZM SPECT-scans were performed in five neuroleptic-free schizophrenic patients (DSM IV), one befo…
Inflammation after sclerocorneal versus clear corneal tunnel phacoemulsification.
2000
Abstract Objective To compare the postoperative inflammation after phacoemulsification followed by intraocular lens (IOL) implantation by means of sclerocorneal versus clear corneal tunnel incision. Design Randomized controlled clinical trial. Participants One hundred eyes of 100 patients were examined at a German University eye hospital. Intervention One hundred eyes with cataract necessitating phacoemulsification with posterior chamber IOL implantation were randomly assigned to receive a temporal sclerocorneal or clear corneal tunnel incision by a single surgeon. Main outcome measures Preoperative and postoperative inflammation was evaluated by measurement of flare using laser flare photo…
Proteinuric effect of transcranial magnetic stimulation in healthy subjects and diabetic patients with stage 3-4 CKD
2013
BackgroundMany authors have investigated the numerous connections between the nervous system and kidneys, and recent literature has indicated that these similar systems are interconnected. Recent scientific works have shown that there is similarity between the cerebral cortex 'viscera representation' and the 'motor omunculus'. We studied the connection between the brain and kidney in vivo using repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). Proteinuria and albuminuria were used as markers of renal response in patients with diabetes (DP) and in a group of healthy subjects (HSs) who received rTMS for 5 consecutive days.MethodsThe study population consists of the following four groups: G…
A pilot study of laparoscopic adhesion prophylaxis after myomectomy with a copolymer designed for endoscopic application.
2009
Abstract Study Objective To assess the laparoscopic handling and safety of D,L-polylactide-e-caprolactone-trimethylene carbonate (PCT) copolymer after myomectomy and compare it with icodextrin. In contrast to previously developed solid barriers, the material has rationally designed properties that are advantageous for convenient laparoscopic application. Design A randomized, single-blinded clinical study (Canadian Task Force Classification I). Setting Single-center study in a German University Hospital. Patients Thirty patients who underwent laparoscopic myomectomy were enrolled. Interventions After laparoscopic myomectomy and subsequent reconstruction of the uterus with interrupted sutures…
Intravenous recombinant erythropoietin does not lead to an increase in cerebrospinal fluid erythropoietin concentration
2000
No abstract
Mitochondrial transcriptional study of the effect of aflatoxins, enniatins and carotenoids in vitro in a blood brain barrier model
2020
C. maxima (var. Delica), a variety of pumpkin, is well known for its high concentration on carotenoids, possessing dietary benefits and antioxidant properties. Aflatoxins and enniatins are common mycotoxins present in food and feed with an extended toxicity profile in humans and animals. Both types of substances reach a wide range of tissues and organs and have the capability to penetrate the blood brain barrier. Since carotenoids and mycotoxins have been reported to modify diverse mitochondrial processes individually, transcriptional in vitro studies on human epithelial cells ECV 304 were conducted to analyze the relative expression of 13 mitochondria related genes. ECV 304 cells were diff…
Function of Glia in Aging and the Brain Diseases.
2019
Microglia cells during aging, neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation show different morphological and transcriptional profiles (related to axonal direction and cell adhesion). Furthermore, expressions of the receptors on the surface and actin formation compared to young are also different. This review delves into the role of glia during aging and the development of the diseases. The susceptibility of different regions of the brain to disease are linked to the overstimulation of signals related to the immune system during aging, as well as the damaging impact of these cascades on the functionality of different populations of microglia present in each region of the brain. Furthermore, a decr…
LRP1 mediates bidirectional transcytosis of amyloid-β across the blood-brain barrier.
2011
According to the "amyloid hypothesis", the amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide is the toxic intermediate driving Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. Recent evidence suggests that the low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) transcytoses Aβ out of the brain across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). To provide genetic evidence for LRP1-mediated transcytosis of Aβ across the BBB we analyzed Aβ transcytosis across primary mouse brain capillary endothelial cells (pMBCECs) derived from wild-type and LRP1 knock-in mice. Here, we show that pMBCECs in vitro express functionally active LRP1. Moreover, we demonstrate that LRP1 mediates transcytosis of [(125)I]-Aβ(1-40) across pMBCECs in both direct…