Search results for " Bias"

The consequences on job satisfaction of job–worker educational and skill mismatches in the Spanish labour market: a panel analysis

2012

The effects of job-worker mismatches on job satisfaction are examined using the eight waves (1994-2001) of Spanish data taken from the European Community Household Panel (ECHP). The impacts of both educational and skill mismatches are estimated considering unobserved heterogeneity, state dependence and attrition bias. Dynamic analysis shows that skill mismatches emerge as a much better predictor of job satisfaction than educational mismatches as the effects of the latter are related to unobserved heterogeneity among workers. Moreover, the current level of job satisfaction appears to be influenced by workers' previous job perceptions, suggesting a dynamic structure for job satisfaction.

Unemployment and Migration: Does Moving Help?

2002

Abstract The migration behaviour of the unemployed in Finland is analysed in terms of the causal effectof moving on individual employment status. In 1994, 17 percent of the labour force wasunemployed and the unemployment rate exhibited a very slow decline in 1994–1996. Overhalf of those who were unemployed at the end of 1994 were still unemployed two years later.The propensity to find a job is somewhat greater among migrants. However, the positive effectof moving diminishes once other personal characteristics are accounted for. Moreover, whencontrolling for endogenous migrant selectivity, an insignificant or even negative effect onemployment status emerges. This indicates that the relatively …

Effects of Grade Retention Policies: A Literature Review of Empirical Studies Applying Causal Inference

2021

The identification of the causal effects of grade retention policies is of enormous relevance for researchers and policymakers alike. Taking advantage of the availability of more detailed longitudinal datasets, researchers have been able to apply different identification strategies that address the classical problems of selection bias and unobserved heterogeneity that have plagued previous studies on the effect of retention. We present a systematic literature review of empirical studies aiming to unveil the causal effects of retention. This study underlines the need to consider and evaluate different kinds of grade retention polices as their effects vary depending on several dimensions (suc…

Inter-industry job mobility in the knowledge economy in Finland

2013

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate inter-industry labor mobility, paying special attention to workers who move into high-tech (HT) sectors or knowledge-intensive business services (KIBSs). This study inquires whether skilled workers are mobile and whether the characteristics of mobile workers support the effective transfer of knowledge across industries. Design/methodology/approach – Census data representing 7 percent of Finnish residents were used. The micro-econometric estimation method with correction of sample selection bias was applied. Findings – The results show that young workers are the most mobile, whereas mobility decreased for those with previous work experie…

Neuromuscular disorders and non compaction

2010

Abstract For neurological disorders we consider every possible affection of the central nervous system or neuro-muscular junction, in the presence of complex syndromes as well, such as Cornelia De Lange syndrome or any other. In our experience the incidence of neurological or neuromuscular envolment in patients affected by noncompaction is low. An incidence of comorbidities higher than 20% is not recorded in any centre, in published experiences. Data of the Vienna group could be likely influenced by selection bias (second level centre) or territorial genetic factors, or could depend on higher sensibility of used diagnostic techniques of neurological disease. But, if it was so, in our opinio…

Mortality associated with the use of inappropiate drugs according Beers Criteria: a systematic review

2013

The aims of this systematic review are to identify and analyse the scientist literature available evidence about the use of potentially inappropriate medications, according to the Beers Criteria, that is associated with mortality in the elderly people.It have been made a search of publications in most traditional electronic databases among the scientific community (Pubmed / Medline, EMBASE and Web of Science) and it have been selected publications that obey the criteria of 'observational study', 'elderly' and 'Beers Criteria' and that they had as a result the mortality of the study population. After publications selection it proceeded to dump data by two researchers independently to avoid s…

Flawed Meta-Analysis of Biodiversity Effects of Forest Management

2010

It appears that the negative effect of forest managementon biodiversity has become an axiom. Whether the neg-ative effect, however, is a fact based on solid empiricalevidence is not self-evident. Most of the studies that ad-dress the issue suffer from a lack of geographic extentand taxonomic narrowness. Therefore, a synthesis draw-ing together results from the individual studies is direlyneeded. In their recent paper, Paillet et al. (2010) rise tothis challenge and present a formal pan-European meta-analysis of data from 49 papers representing 120 indi-vidual comparisons across 10 taxonomic groups. Theirsynthesis has the potential to be a landmark paper inecological research, but also to af…

Tranexamic acid for trauma

2010

What Do We Know About the Second Moment of Financial Markets?

2021

Recent research shows that the vast majority of scientific studies published in leading finance journals fails scientific replication (Hou, Xue, and Zhang, 2020; Harvey, Liu, and Zhu; 2016). This study argues that p-hacking, publication pressure and the selection bias from leading finance journals are perhaps not the underlying root cause for this issue. We show that standard methodologies often used in finance research are inevitably sample-specific due to the very nature of financial markets. While the consensus of earlier research postulates a rejection of the time-honored Levy hypothesis, our results strongly indicate that the variance of variance does not exist in any of the financial …

Am I riskier if I rescue my banks? Beyond the effects of bailouts

2021

Abstract We examine the relationship between bank bailouts and sovereign risk in 35 countries and 19 bailouts from 2005 to 2015. Bailouts negatively affect sovereign ratings, with rating agencies consistently perceiving higher risk when a country’s banking system has been rescued (risk-increasing effect). The increase in public debt as a result of the bank bailouts is the main mechanism through which the risk-increasing effect occurs. Moreover, financial soundness and banking market structure shape the impact of bailouts on sovereign risk. In particular, proactiveness in undertaking public bailouts for banking systems that are largely distressed – that is, risky and low profitable – and hig…