Search results for " Biochimica"
showing 10 items of 642 documents
ANABOLIC-ANDROGENIC STEROIDS SIGNALING
2012
Androgens exert their effects on various parts of the body, including muscles, bones, hair follicles in the skin, liver and kidney, reproductive, hematic, immune and nervous systems. The effects are modulated by specific cellular "steroid-converting" enzymes, located inside target tissues. All the anabolic steroids currently used are derivates of testosterone or changes of its structure. The most important esterified forms of testosterone include the propionate, cipionate, enhantate and undecanoate ones. The mechanism of action of AAS has not been fully elucidated and it is currently subject of many studies. Several mechanism of action have been proposed to identify the path activated by AA…
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS: PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND WELL-BEING
2017
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease that affects central nervous system (CNS) – coexists in brain, spinal cord and optic nerves. It can process in three different courses: remitting, progressive and progressive-relapsing. Although there is still no cure for MS, effective strategies are available to modify the disease course, reduce number of relapses, rate of progressions and development of new lesions. Nowadays, moderate physical performance is strongly recommended: besides having positive effects on the body, it can have a positive effect on the psychophysical wellbeing. Essentially there are 3 types of training protocols: aerobic (endurance training), strength training (resistan…
Genome-wide characterization of chromatin binding and nucleosome spacing activity of the nucleosome remodeling ATPase ISWI
2012
La struttura dei cromosomi e l‟espressione genica sono influenzati dall‟attività del rimodellatore della cromatina ATP-dipentente ISWI, altamente conservato negli eucarioti[1]. Negli eucarioti superiori ISWI è una proteina ubiquitaria, abbondante e necessaria per la vitalità cellulare [2, 3]. In vitro, ISWI usa l‟energia proveniente dall‟idrolisi dell‟ATP per catalizzare reazioni di “spacing” and “sliding” dei nucleosomi [4]. In Drosophila melanogaster la mancanza della proteina ISWI è in grado di determinare in vivo una profonda alterazione dei livelli trascrizionali di alcuni geni ed una drammatica perdita della struttura complessiva dei cromosomi, facendoli così apparire altamente decond…
Polyamines and ripening of photoreceptor outer-segment in chicken embryo.
1995
Polyamines and their related monoacetyl derivatives were studied in rod outer segment (ROS) and cone outer segment (COS) of photoreceptor cells from chick embryo retina during eye development (7th-18th days). Putrescine was found to be necessary, in the second phase of retinogenesis, to sustain both ROS and COS differentiation and, after acetylation, gamma-aminobutyric acid synthesis. On the Other hand, spermidine and even more spermine intervene in the third phase of development when photoreceptors mature. Moreover, the presence of Nl-acetylspermidine already at the 7th day indicates that in the outer segment of photoreceptor cells too, as in the whole retina, putrescine synthesis comes ab…
Use of Modified 3D Scaffolds to Improve Cell Adhesion and Drive Desired Cell Responses.
2012
In the most common approach of tissue engineering, a polymeric scaffold with a well-defined architecture has emerged as a promising platform for cells adhesion and guide their proliferation and differentiation into the desired tissue or organ. An ideal model for the regeneration should mimic clinical conditions of tissue injury, create a permissive microenvironment for diffusion of nutrients, gases and growth factors and permit angiogenesis. In this work, we used a 3D support made of synthetic resorbable polylactic acid (PLLA), which has considerable potential because of its well-known biocompatibility and biodegradability. One of the factors that influence cell adhesion to the scaffold is …
nCDase and SphK-1 localization in vesicles shed by tumour cells and their biological roles.
2007
Sphingolipid metabolism is a dynamic process resulting in the formation of a number of bioactive metabolites including ceramide, ceramide-1-phosphate, sphingosine e sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). (Pyne and Pyne; Biochem. J. 2000; 349:385-402). Following sphingomyelinase activation, sphingomyelin is hydrolyzed to ceramide, which is considered to be an inducer of cell growth arrest, differentiation and apoptosis. (Hannun et. al 1996; Science: 274:1855-1859). Ceramidase catalyzes the deacylation of ceramide to produce a free fatty acid and sphingosine. The enzyme sphingosine kinase (SphK) catalyzes the formation of S1P from sphingosine and ATP (Olivera et al. J.Biol.Chem. 1998; 273:12576- 1258…
Biotecnologie applicate a studi pre-clinici di medicina rigenerativa e terapia genica.
2012
Cellular Senescence in Age-Related Diseases: Molecular Bases and Therapeutic Interventions
2022
Due to the increase in life expectancy, the aging population around the globe has been growing significantly and is estimated to triple by 2050 [...]
Poly lactic acid based scaffolds as graft for small-diameter arterial replacement.
2012
Vascular Tissue engineering (VTE) has emerged as a promising approach to develop blood vessel substitutes. Investigators have explored the use of arterial tissue cells combined with various types of natural and synthetic scaffolds to make tubular constructs in order to develop a functional small-diameter arterial replacement graft. The grafts must mimic the unique viscoelastic nature of an artery and be non-disruptive to blood ?ow. Moreover, after implantation, the scaffold must be gradually populated by cells and replaced by extra cellular matrix; with this respect, it is crucial that this replacement takes place with a well-defined timescale. In this work tubular scaffolds for VTE were pr…