Search results for " Brain."
showing 10 items of 976 documents
Birth Size and Brain Function 75 Years Later
2014
BACKGROUND: There are several lines of evidence pointing to fetal and other early origins of diseases of the aging brain, but there are no data directly addressing the hypotheses in an older population. We investigated the association of fetal size to late-age measures of brain structure and function in a large cohort of older men and women and explored the modifying effect of education on these associations. METHODS: Within the AGES (Age Gene/Environment Susceptibility)-Reykjavik population-based cohort (born between 1907 and 1935), archived birth records were abstracted for 1254 men and women who ∼75 years later underwent an examination that included brain MRI and extensive cognitive ass…
Music and the Aging Brain
2018
In a society that is getting considerably older, it becomes important to identify potential mechanisms promoting successful aging to prevent, limit, and rehabilitate cognitive and emotional impairments typical of normal or pathological aging. Music is a powerful stimulus able to modulate widespread brain activations. Recent research has increasingly considered music as a promising, stimulating training and rehabilitation tool for improving cognition and promoting well-being and social connection. This chapter provides an overview of recent research investigating music and aging. It first focuses on the effects of music in normal aging, both in terms of musical expertise and simple musical e…
Validation of brain extracellular glycerol as an indicator of cellular membrane damage due to free radical activity after traumatic brain injury.
2008
Following severe traumatic brain injury (TBI), increasing oxygen delivery to the brain has been advocated as a useful strategy to reverse mitochondrial dysfunction and improve neurological outcome. However, this might also promote overproduction of free radicals, responsible for lipid peroxidation and hence brain cell damage. Therefore, a method for monitoring this potential adverse effect in humans is desirable. Glycerol, an end product of phospholipid breakdown, easily detectable in the human brain by means of microdialysis, might represent a reliable indicator of free radical-induced cell membrane damage. Brain microdialysates were collected from 24 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats over a …
Incremental Gaussian Discriminant Analysis based on Graybill and Deal weighted combination of estimators for brain tumour diagnosis
2011
In the last decade, machine learning (ML) techniques have been used for developing classifiers for automatic brain tumour diagnosis. However, the development of these ML models rely on a unique training set and learning stops once this set has been processed. Training these classifiers requires a representative amount of data, but the gathering, preprocess, and validation of samples is expensive and time-consuming. Therefore, for a classical, non-incremental approach to ML, it is necessary to wait long enough to collect all the required data. In contrast, an incremental learning approach may allow us to build an initial classifier with a smaller number of samples and update it incrementally…
The HERBA trial: a retrospective study on patients (pts) with HER2-positive (HER2+ve) breast cancer (BC) and brain metastases (BMs)
2017
Exosomal Hsp60 levels and related miRNA in brain tumor cells
2018
One of the many pathologic conditions still without a satisfactory solution is that of brain tumors. The prognosis is poor even after surgical resection followed by post-operatory chemo- and radio-therapie (1). It is, therefore, cogent to find innovative treatment tools. Three recent developments may provide elements to discover novel treatment strategies and means. These developments are: the discovery that molecular chaperones can be determinant factors in the process of tumorigenesis (2); the elucidation of the role of miRNAs in gene regulation and determination of protein functions, including molecular chaperones; in the various cell compartments (3);the increasing understanding and cha…
MACROCEPHALY FROM A NORMAL VARIANT TO A THREATENING CONDITION. A SINGLE CENTER RETROSPECTIVE STUDY ON 189 SUBJECTS
2020
Introduction: Macrocephaly, defined as a head circumference more than two standard deviations from the normal distribution, is among the most frequently requested neuropediatric consultations. Materials: we conducted a retrospective study on 189 subjects with macrocephaly, from birth to 18 years old, enrolled from October 2001 to December 2019, for diagnostic definition and/or neurodevelopmental assessment. Brain sonography has been performed in all infants and CT or MR in selected patients. Results: macrocephaly was prevalent in males (62.4%), a head circumference >3SD (8.5%) has been associated with a neurodevelopmental impairment. A genetic and/or concomitant malformation were present…
The Increased Mortality Rate with Lower Incidence of Traumatic Brain Injury during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A National Study
2022
Background: the COVID-19 pandemic with the following lockdown strategies have affected virtually all aspects of everyday life. Health services all over the world faced the crisis on an unprecedented scale, hampering timely care delivery. The present study was designed to assess the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on the incidence and treatment of traumatic brain injuries in Poland. Methods: the data on hospital admissions with traumatic brain injuries as the primary diagnosis were extracted from the National Health Fund of Poland. For the purpose of this study, the search was limited to four relevant diagnosis-related groups. The overall in-house mortality was calculated. Results: there wer…
Diagnostic and prognostic values of B-type natriuretic peptides (BNP) and N-terminal fragment brain natriuretic peptides (NT-pro-BNP).
2012
Abstract B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) is a member of a four-natriuretic peptide family that shares a common 17-peptide ring structure. The N-terminal fragment (NT-pro-BNP) is biologically inert, but both are secreted in the plasma in equimolar quantities and both have been evaluated for use in the management of congestive heart failure. BNP and NT-pro-BNP are frequently used in the diagnosis of congestive heart failure and distinguishing between patients with dyspnoea of cardiac or pulmonary origin. Values of NT-pro-BNP are affected by age or the presence of one or several co-morbidities such as chronic renal failure, type 2 diabetes, and acute coronary syndrome. ‘Normal’ values of thes…