Search results for " CAP"
showing 10 items of 3409 documents
Variations in maximal oxygen intake with physical activity in middle-aged men.
1970
Data on maximal exercise performance are presented for normal middle-aged men free of cardiovascular disease. Maximal oxygen intake, oxygen pulse, heart rate, and lactate levels all decrease with increasing age. Physical activity defined by habitual running of any amount had a highly significant effect on maximal oxygen consumption. The enhanced effect of physical activity was found equivalent to nearly 10 years of age effect on maximal aerobic capacity. Multivariate analysis revealed significant association between maximal oxygen intake and several coronary risk factors; specifically, physical activity, vital capacity, cigarette smoking, and body weight. Notably lacking in significance wer…
Muscle metabolic profile and oxygen transport capacity as determinants of aerobic and anaerobic thresholds
1988
Aerobic and anaerobic thresholds determined by different methods in repeated exercise tests were correlated with cardiorespiratory variables and variables of muscle metabolic profile in 33 men aged 20–50 years. Aerobic threshold was determined from blood lactate, ventilation, and respiratory gas exchange by two methods (AerT1 and AerT2) and anaerobic threshold from venous lactate (AnTLa), from ventilation and gas exchange (AnTr) and by using the criterion of 4 mmol·l−1 of venous lactate (AnT4mmol). In addition to ordinary correlative analyses, applications of LISREL models were used. The 8 explanatory variables chosen for the regression analyses were height, relative heart volume, relative …
Adropin and apelin fluctuations throughout a season in professional soccer players: Are they related with performance?
2015
Myokines are likely to be involved in the whole-body metabolic adaptive changes that occur in response to regular exercise. We aimed to investigate the association of the two myokines (adropin and apelin) with physical performance in professional soccer players. To this purpose, we analyzed the fluctuations of circulating levels of both adropin and apelin in professional soccer players during a season and evaluated the possible association of these myokines with the performance level. Creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity as well as iron, transferrin and high-sensitivity C-Reactive protein (hsCRP), ferritin, soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR), free testosterone/cort…
Effects of exercise training on airway closure in asthmatics
2012
We previously reported that responsiveness to methacholine (Mch) in the absence of deep inspiration (DI) decreased in healthy subjects after a short course of exercise training. We assessed whether a similar beneficial effect of exercise on airway responsiveness could occur in asthmatics. Nine patients (male/female: 3/6; mean age ± SD: 24 ± 2 yr) with mild untreated asthma [forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1): 100 ± 7.4% pred; FEV1/vital capacity (VC): 90 ± 6.5%] underwent a series of single-dose Mch bronchoprovocations in the absence of DI in the course of a 10-wk training rowing program (6 h/wk of submaximal and maximal exercise), at baseline ( week 0), and at week 5 and 10. The singl…
Effects of power training on mechanical efficiency in jumping.
2003
The present study investigates the effects of power training on mechanical efficiency (ME) in jumping. Twenty-three subjects, including ten controls, volunteered for the study. The experimental group trained twice a week for 15 weeks performing various jumping exercises such as drop jumps, hurdle jumps, hopping and bouncing. In the maximal jumping test, the take-off velocity increased from 2.56 (0.24) m.s(-1) to 2.77 (0.18) m.s(-1) ( P<0.05). In the submaximal jumping of 50% of the maximum, energy expenditure decreased from 660 (110) to 502 (68) J.kg(-1).min(-1) ( P<0.001) while, simultaneously, ME increased from 37.2 (8.4)% to 47.4 (8.2)% ( P<0.001). Some muscle enzyme activities of the ga…
Interrelationships between lipid peroxidation and total antioxidant status in sedentary controls and unprofessional athletes.
2010
We examined the thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) as an index of lipid peroxidation, and the total antioxidant status (TAS) in 81 unprofessional athletes subdivided into three subgroups. The first group included 28 subjects who practised endurance sports, the second included 30 subjects who practised mixed sports, the third included 23 subjects who practised power sports. We enrolled also a group of 61 sedentary controls (SC). TBARS were increased and TAS was decreased in the whole group of athletes in comparison with SC; an almost similar behaviour was present also subdividing athletes according to the practised sport. A significant negative correlation between these two para…
Neuromuscular, anaerobic, and aerobic performance characteristics of elite power athletes.
1984
Various aspects of neuromuscular, anaerobic, and aerobic performance capacity were investigated in four powerlifters, seven bodybuilders, and three wrestlers with a history of specific training for several years. The data (means +/- SD) showed that the three subject groups possessed similar values for maximal isometric force per unit bodyweight (50.7 +/- 9.6, 49.3 +/- 4.1, and 49.3 +/- 10.9 N/kg, respectively). However, significant (P less than 0.05) differences were observed in the times for isometric force production, so that e.g., times to produce a 30% force level were shorter for the wrestlers and bodybuilders (28.3 +/- 3.1 and 26.4 +/- 6.6 ms) than that (53.3 +/- 23.7 ms) for the powe…
Reduced airway responsiveness in non elite runners
2005
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2005 Dec;37(12):2019-25. Reduced airway responsiveness in nonelite runners. Scichilone N, Morici G, Marchese R, Bonanno A, Profita M, Togias A, Bonsignore MR. SourceInstitute of Medicine and Pneumology, Respiratory Unit; University of Palermo, Italy. n.scichilone@libero.it Abstract PURPOSE: The effects of endurance training on airway responsiveness in nonasthmatic subjects are poorly defined. We hypothesized that airway responsiveness may differ between none-lite endurance athletes and sedentary subjects, and studied healthy, nonelite runners and sedentary controls by single-dose methacholine challenges carried out in the absence of deep inspirations, in that deep insp…
The Effect of a Ketogenic Low-Carbohydrate, High-Fat Diet on Aerobic Capacity and Exercise Performance in Endurance Athletes: A Systematic Review and…
2021
A low-carbohydrate, high-fat (LCHF) diet has been proposed to enhance the fat utilization of muscle and the aerobic capacity of endurance athletes, thereby improving their exercise performance. However, it remains uncertain how the macronutrient intake shift from carbohydrate to fat affects endurance exercise training and performance. This study performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to explore the effects of a ketogenic low-carbohydrate, high-fat (K-LCHF) diet on aerobic capacity and exercise performance among endurance athletes. Searches were carried out in five electronic databases, and we followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) gu…
Neck muscle ultrasonography of male weight-lifters, wrestlers and controls.
2007
The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the effect of different sport training regimens on the size of the neck semispinalis capitis muscle (SECM). The cross-sectional area (CSA) and the linear dimensions of the SECM were measured bilaterally by real-time ultrasonography. Ten young Finnish elite level weight-lifters. 8 freestyle wrestlers and 10 controls (all male) participated in the study. Muscle CSA was significantly larger in wrestlers than in weight-lifters or controls (P<0.001). There was no significant difference in size between the right and left SECM in any of the subject groups, but the variation between sides (smaller vs. larger) was significantly higher in wres…