Search results for " CESSATION"
showing 10 items of 126 documents
Tobacco use among medical students in Europe: results of a multicentre study using the Global Health Professions Student Survey
2012
Objective: To examine smoking prevalence, knowledge and attitudes, and tobacco cessation training among university students attending European medical schools using the Global Health Professional Students Survey approach. Methods: A cross-country, cross-sectional study was performed among 12 medical schools in four countries in Europe (Germany, Italy, Poland and Spain). The survey was performed during the second semester of the third year of study from March to May 2009. Results: In total, 2249 subjects entered the study (overall response rate 92%). The overall prevalence of smoking among medical students was 29.3% (95% confidence interval 28.1-34.7), with percentages ranging from 28% in Ge…
Perceived stress and smoking across 41 countries: A global perspective across Europe, Africa, Asia and the Americas
2017
Within recent years, there has been a seismic shift in smoking rates from high-income to low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Evidence indicates that perceived stress may comprise a barrier for smoking cessation, but little is known about the association of perceived stress and smoking in LMICs. We conducted a cross-sectional, community-based study comprising 217,561 people [mean age 38.5 (SD = 16.1) years, 49.4% males]. A perceived stress score [range 2 (lowest-stress) 10 (highest-stress)] was computed from the Perceived Stress Scale. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted. In the overall sample, a one-unit increase in perceived-stress resulted in a 5% increased odd…
Smoking cessation opportunities in severe mental illness (tobacco intensive motivational and estimate risk — TIMER—): study protocol for a randomized…
2019
There is an increased risk of premature death in people with severe mental illness (SMI). Respiratory disorders and cardiovascular disease are leading causes of increased mortality rates in these patients, and tobacco consumption remains the most preventable risk factor involved. Developing new tools to motivate patients towards cessation of smoking is a high priority. Information on the motivational value of giving the lung age and prevention opportunities is unknown in this high-risk population. In the context of community care, screening and early detection of lung damage could potentially be used, together with mobile technology, in order to produce a prevention message, which may provi…
Using an extended version of the theory of planned behaviour to predict smoking cessation in two age groups
2011
The aim of this study was twofold: (i) to test the utility of the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) in predicting intentions to quit smoking and subsequent behaviour in two age groups, and among women and men, and (ii) to examine whether descriptive norms, moral norms and past behaviour predict intentions and behaviour beyond the impact of the TPB components. Analyses were based on data from a prospective sample of 447 daily smokers (adolescents 16–19 years, n = 174, M = 17.5, adults 35–55 years, n = 311, M = 44 years). The TPB accounted for 31.8% and 38% of the variance in intentions in the adolescent and adult groups, respectively. The extension variables added 12.6% and 12.1% to the …
Smoking behaviour among nursing students: attitudes toward smoking cessation.
2019
Introduction: The purpose of the study was to assess tobacco smoking habits among nursing students and how these are influenced by family members and cohabitants. Methods: Cross-sectional study. An anonymous papery questionnaire was administered to nursing students of the three-year course of the University of Palermo. Adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) are presented. Results: 301 nursing students (63.12 % female) completed the questionnaire (response rate 61.17%). The average age of the sample is 21.88 years (SD ± 2.80). Considering as a dependent variable: “I currently smoke”, the statistically significant independent variables associated are: “Male gender” (aOR 2.09), “Single” (aOR 2.06), “Second…
Effects of acute bupropion administration on locomotor activity in adolescent and adult mice
2005
Responses to some psychoactive substances seem to differ between adolescents and adults. Bupropion, an antidepressant which is also used for smoking cessation, induces a dose-dependent increase in locomotor activity in adult mice, although its behavioral actions in adolescents have not been evaluated. In the present study the effects of acute bupropion administration (5, 10, 15 and 20 mg/kg) on locomotor activity were examined in early adolescent (postnatal day (pnd): 29-31 days), late adolescent (pnd: 47-49 days) and adult (pnd > 70 days) male NMRI mice, using an infrared photocell system. Locomotion was recorded for a total period of 90 min. Results indicated that there were significant d…
Bupropion induced changes in exploratory and anxiety-like behaviour in NMRI male mice depends on the age
2013
The aim of this study was to assess the effects of the antidepressant bupropion on anxiety and novelty-seeking in adolescent mice of different ages and adults. Behavioural differences between early adolescent, late adolescent and adult NMRI mice were measured both in the elevated plus-maze and the hole-board tasks following acute administration of bupropion (5, 10, 15, 20 mg/kg) or saline. In the plus maze test, early and late adolescent mice treated with bupropion (10, 15 mg/kg, respectively) had lower percentages of entries in the open-arms compared to their vehicle controls. Adult mice treated with bupropion did not differ from their vehicle controls. These results suggest that the effec…
Cost-effectiveness of optimized adherence to prevention guidelines in European patients with coronary heart disease : results from the EUROASPIRE IV …
2018
Background: This study aims to assess the cost-effectiveness of optimized guideline adherence in patients with a history of coronary heart disease. Methods: An individual-based decision tree model was developed using the SMART risk score tool which estimates the 10-year risk for recurrent vascular events in patients with manifest cardiovascular disease (CVD). Analyses were based on the EUROASPIRE IV survey. Outcomes were expressed as an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER). Results: Data from 4663 patients from 13 European countries were included in the analyses. The mean estimated 10-year risk for a recurrent vascular event decreased from 20.13% to 18.61% after optimized guideline a…
Observational study of chronic myeloid leukemia Italian patients who discontinued tyrosine kinase inhibitors in clinical practice.
2018
It is judged safe to discontinue treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in experimental trials on treatment-free remission (TFR). We collected a total of 293 Italian patients with chronic phase CML who discontinued TKI in deep molecular response. Seventy-two percent of patients were on treatment with imatinib, and 28% with second generation TKI at the time of discontinuation. Median duration of treatment with the last TKI was 77 months [Interquartile Range (IQR) 54;111], median duration of deep molecular response was 46 months (IQR 31;74). Duration of treatment with TKI and duration of deep molecular response were shorter with second generation TK…
Smoking and FOS expression from blood leukocyte transcripts in patients with coronary artery disease.
2011
International audience; OBJECTIVE: Analysis of the leukocyte transriptome, in particular the Finkel-Biskis-Jinkins Osteosarcoma (c-Fos) gene, which has a prominent role in inflammation, provides new insights into atherosclerosis mechanisms. Although smoking is a major risk factor, the links between smoking status and coronary artery disease (CAD) remains unclear. We aimed to analyze the relationship between smoking status and c-Fos expression in circulating leukocytes of patients with CAD. METHODS: c-Fos expression was measured by RT-Q-PCR, from blood leukocytes of 239 consecutive patients after acute myocardial infarction (MI). The patients were asked about their smoking status and stratif…