Search results for " CONSOLIDATION"

Consolidation of waterlogged woods by in-situ polymerisation of isoeugenol

2008

Hydrological Analysis of Loess Plateau Highland Control Schemes in Dongzhi Plateau

2020

Gully Consolidation and Highland Protection (GCHP) Project is a major soil and water conservation and land remediation project implemented in the Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP). As the connection between the mechanisms of erosion and practical applications for addressing it is not clear, the implementation of engineering measures to combat the problem has been insufficient to date. This study used field investigation and descriptive statistics, together with hydrological analysis modeling to gain an understanding of the impact of the Loess Plateau Highland Control Schemes on the evolution of the Dongzhi Plateau as the largest, most well-preserved, and the thickest loess deposit region in China…

Bio-inspired consolidants derived from crystalline nanocellulose for decayed wood

2018

Abstract Novel bio-inspired materials derived from crystalline nanocellulose (CNC) have been tested as wood consolidants. A suspension of CNC, produced by acid hydrolysis of cellulose and used as such or mixed with lignin and/or siloxane derivatives (PDMS), was applied on rotted wood samples of Norway spruce. X-Ray diffraction analysis on CNC powder showed high crystallinity index. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurement indicated a nearly uniform particle size distribution with an average hydrodynamic diameter for pure CNC smaller than that in the mixtures. Raman and FTIR spectroscopies suggested interactions between lignin, PDMS and CNC components. The storage modulus of wood samples, …

Outlining the Limits of Friction Stir Consolidation as Used as an Aluminum Alloys Recycling Approach

2021

Friction stir consolidation (FSC) is a solid-state process that recycles metal scraps economically and eco-friendly compared to the conventional melting method. The process parameters especially processing time and rotational speed, have a crucial role in achieving a sound disc during FSC. The current study answers the research question of how far these process parameters can be effective when the mass of chips to be recycled increases. In specific, an experimental setup was analyzed that was previously identified as challenging for recycling 20 g chips of aluminum alloy AA 2024-O. Rotational speed was set doubled, and processing time was increased up to 1.5 times of their initial values. T…

Restoration of a polymateric sculpture of the immaculate conception

2016

This study focuses on the intervention methodologies applied on a polymateric polychrome sculpture of the Immaculate Conception (18th century), located inside the chapel of the Oratorio dei Falegnami in Palermo. The peculiarity of this artefact is the employment of two different supports, upon which both the ground and paint layers are laid: a wooden one, carved and prepared, for the execution of the anatomical parts, and a textile one, sewn, pinned on and stiffened with glue, for the garments. The damage found was mainly attributed to: reaction of the artwork’s materials to the environment, lack of ordinary maintenance, and previous interventions. On the textile support, cleaning was hinde…

HOW DO FISCAL CONSOLIDATION AND FISCAL STIMULI IMPACT ON THE SYNCHRONIZATION OF BUSINESS CYCLES?

2017

Using quarterly data for a panel of advanced economies, we show that synchronized fiscal consolidation (stimulus) programmes in different countries make their business cycles more closely linked. We also find: (i) some evidence of decoupling when an inflation targeting regime is unilaterally adopted; (ii) an increase in business cycle synchronization when countries fix their exchange rates and become members of a monetary union; (iii) a positive effect of bilateral trade on the synchronization of business cycles. Global factors, such as a rise in global risk aversion and uncertainty and a reversal of nonstandard expansionary monetary policy, can also reduce the degree of co-movement of busi…

Fiscal consolidation and income distribution

2016

This working paper attempts to shed light on distributional effects of recent fiscal consolidation policies, mainly through the channel of in-kind public transfers. We look at the distribution of income in 16 EU countries during the recent global financial and economic crisis, and the subsequent period of fiscal consolidation. Experiences in terms of the depth of the recession and the policies implemented to deal with vary greatly across EU countries. We illustrate this diversity, and show how the crisis has accentuated the differences among EU countries, both in income levels and in inequality. The effects of the public sector on household income distribution have traditionally been measur…

Fiscal consolidation and financial reforms

2015

We use data for a panel of 17 countries over the period 1980-2005 to investigate the impact of fiscal consolidation on the likelihood of financial reforms. We show that fiscal adjustments do not boost the implementation of financial reforms. However, tax-driven fiscal consolidation programs raise the likelihood of banking sector reforms. Moreover, we find that: (i) an increase in the degree of trade openness makes countries less likely to implement financial reforms; (ii) an increase in the interest rate spreads accelerates the path of financial reforms, especially, external capital account reforms; and (iii) an improvement in the quality of political institutions strongly enhances the prob…

The consolidation of post‐autocratic democracies: A multi‐level model

1998

The mainstream of theoretical and empirical ‘consolidology’ speaks of consolidated and non‐consolidated democracies. This crude dichotomy does not allow for more differentiated judgments about the stage of consolidation of newly democratized political systems. To overcome this shortcoming, a multi‐level model of democratic consolidation is proposed, consisting of four interdependent levels. The particular configuration of each has specific impact on the consolidation of the other levels. The four levels are: constitutional, representative, behavioural, and civic cultural consolidation. This model helps us to understand why new democracies survive or collapse, to identify the degree to which…

Post-encoding stress does not enhance memory consolidation: The role of cortisol and testosterone reactivity

2020

In contrast to the large body of research on the effects of stress-induced cortisol on memory consolidation in young people, far less attention has been devoted to understanding the effects of stress-induced testosterone on this memory phase. This study examined the psychobiological (i.e., anxiety, cortisol, and testosterone) response to the Maastricht Acute Stress Test and its impact on free recall and recognition for emotional and neutral material. Thirty-seven healthy young men and women were exposed to a stress (MAST) or control task post-encoding, and 24 h later, they had to recall the material previously learned. Results indicated that the MAST increased anxiety and cortisol levels, b…