Search results for " CYTOKINE"
showing 10 items of 602 documents
Human CD8 T lymphocytes recognize Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens presented by HLA-E during active tuberculosis and express type 2 cytokines
2015
CD8 T cells contribute to protective immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In humans, M. tuberculosis reactive CD8 T cells typically recognize peptides associated to classical MHC class Ia molecules, but little information is available on CD8 T cells recognizing M. tuberculosis Ags presented by nonclassical MHC class Ib molecules. We show here that CD8 T cells from tuberculosis (TB) patients recognize HLA-E-binding M. tuberculosis peptides in a CD3/TCR αβ mediated and CD8-dependent manner, and represent an additional type of effector cells playing a role in immune response to M. tuberculosis during active infection. HLA-E-restricted recognition of M. tuberculosis peptides is detectab…
Retinoic acid inhibits nitric oxide synthase-2 expression through the retinoic acid receptor-alpha.
2000
Retinoids are multipotent modulators of cellular functions and suppress cytokine-induced production of nitric oxide (NO) in several cell types. We have explored the mechanisms by which retinoic acid (RA) regulates NO production in rat aortic smooth muscle cells (VSMC), which express NOS2 in response to proinflammatory cytokines. RA inhibited interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta)-induced NOS2 mRNA expression and NO production. These effects were attenuated by the retinoic acid receptor (RAR) antagonist CD3106, indicating that they were mediated through retinoic acid receptors (RARs). The synthetic retinoid agonists CD336 (which specifically binds RARalpha) and CD367 (which binds all RARs) but not ago…
Xanthine oxidase-induced oxidative stress causes activation of NF-κB and inflammation in the liver of type I diabetic rats
2009
We previously showed that xanthine oxidase activity increases in type I diabetic animals and that this is a significant cause of the oxidative stress which occurs in the disease. The aim of this work was to search for molecular links between xanthine oxidase-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in Type I diabetes and to assess the ability of allopurinol, a drug widely used in clinical practice, to prevent both processes. 3-month-old male Wistar rats were made diabetic by injection (i.p.) of either streptozotocin or alloxan. Allopurinol (32 mg/Kg) was administered (i.p) to diabetic rats after they had shown clear signs of diabetes such as glucosuria and polyuria. Hepatic phospho-IKKbeta…
Vitamin D Receptor Activation Reduces Angiotensin-II–Induced Dissecting Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm in Apolipoprotein E–Knockout Mice
2015
Objective— Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a vascular disorder characterized by chronic inflammation of the aortic wall. Low concentrations of vitamin D 3 are associated with AAA development; however, the potential direct effect of vitamin D 3 on AAA remains unknown. This study evaluates the effect of oral treatment with the vitamin D 3 receptor (VDR) ligand, calcitriol, on dissecting AAA induced by angiotensin-II (Ang-II) infusion in apoE −/− mice. Approach and Results— Oral treatment with calcitriol reduced Ang-II–induced dissecting AAA formation in apoE −/− mice, which was unrelated to systolic blood pressure or plasma cholesterol concentrations. Immunohistochemistry and reverse-tran…
High Dimensional Immune Profiling Reveals Different Response Patterns in Active and Latent Tuberculosis Following Stimulation With Mycobacterial Glyc…
2021
Upon infection withMycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb) the host immune response might clear the bacteria, control its growth leading to latent tuberculosis (LTB), or fail to control its growth resulting in active TB (ATB). There is however no clear understanding of the features underlying a more or less effective response. Mtb glycolipids are abundant in the bacterial cell envelope and modulate the immune response to Mtb, but the patterns of response to glycolipids are still underexplored. To identify the CD45+leukocyte activation landscape induced by Mtb glycolipids in peripheral blood of ATB and LTB, we performed a detailed assessment of the immune response of PBMCs to the Mtb glycolipids lip…
Different Patterns of Lung Sirtuin Expression in Smokers With and Without Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
2012
Background and Objective. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is characterized by persistent and modified inflammatory responses in lung. Human sirtuin, an antiaging and antiinflammatory protein, is a metabolic NAD(+)-dependent protein/histone deacetylase that regulates proinflammatory mediators by deacetylating histone and nonhistone proteins. The aim of our study was to compare the expression of sirtuin in large and small airways in nonsmokers, asymptomatic smokers, and smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Material and Methods. A total of 12 nonsmokers, 14 asymptomatic smokers, and 12 smokers with moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were enrolled into the study…
TLR7 and TLR8 ligands and antiphospholipid antibodies show synergistic effects on the induction of IL-1beta and caspase-1 in monocytes and dendritic …
2009
TLRs represent the first line of defense against invading pathogens in the innate immune system. Certain cytokines are important mediators and essentially necessary to assure an appropriately regulated immune response. Recent data gave initial evidence that IL-1beta is one of the most relevant members of these regulating cytokines. We investigated the induction of IL-1beta production in monocytes and pDCs stimulated with ligands for TLR7 and TLR8 and with antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL). Using human monocytes and pDCs for stimulation with specific TLR7 and TLR8 ligands such as resiquimod (R848) and single stranded RNA (RNA42) as well as with a human monoclonal aPL HL5B resulted in a speci…
Detectable interleukin-9 plasma levels are associated with impaired cardiopulmonary functional capacity and all-cause mortality in patients with chro…
2016
Inflammatory activation plays a pivotal role in chronic heart failure (CHF) through the increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines [1]. Decreased plasma levels of Interleukin (IL-) 5, IL-7 and Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and increased levels of IL-9 have been already described in CHF [2], and a negative correlation was also reported between IL-9 and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) [2]. Yet, there are only limited data exploring the association between cytokines and functional capacity in CHF and their prognostic role [3]; therefore, primary end-point of the current study was to evaluate all-cause mortality according to changes in cytokines plasma levels in CHF patients.
Liver-specific p38α deficiency causes reduced cell growth and cytokinesis failure during chronic biliary cirrhosis in mice
2012
p38α mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) may be essential in the up-regulation of proinflammatory cytokines and can be activated by transforming growth factor β, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and oxidative stress. p38 MAPK activation results in hepatocyte growth arrest, whereas increased proliferation has been considered a hallmark of p38α-deficient cells. Our aim was to assess the role of p38α in the progression of biliary cirrhosis induced by chronic cholestasis as an experimental model of chronic inflammation associated with hepatocyte proliferation, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and fibrogenesis. Cholestasis was induced in wildtype and liver-specific p38α knockout mice by…
In vitro tracheal hyperresponsiveness to muscarinic receptor stimulation by carbachol in a rat model of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis
2006
Summary 1 Bleomycin-induced lung injury is widely used as an experimental model to investigate the pathophysiology of pulmonary fibrosis but the alterations in the pharmacological responsiveness of airways isolated from bleomycin-exposed animals has been scarcely investigated. The aim of this study was to examine the in vitro tracheal responses to muscarinic receptor stimulation with carbachol in a rat bleomycin model. 2 Concentration–response curves to carbachol (10 nm to 0.1 mm) were obtained in tracheal rings isolated from Sprague–Dawley rats 14 days after endotracheal bleomycin or saline. The intracellular calcium signal in response to carbachol (10 μm) was measured by epifluorescence m…