Search results for " Character"
showing 10 items of 1756 documents
Sprint mechanical variables in elite athletes: Are force-velocity profiles sport specific or individual?
2019
Purpose The main aim of this investigation was to quantify differences in sprint mechanical variables across sports and within each sport. Secondary aims were to quantify sex differences and relationships among the variables. Methods In this cross-sectional study of elite athletes, 235 women (23 ± 5 y and 65 ± 7 kg) and 431 men (23 ± 4 y and 80 ± 12 kg) from 23 different sports (including 128 medalists from World Championships and/or Olympic Games) were tested in a 40-m sprint at the Norwegian Olympic Training Center between 1995 and 2018. These were pre-existing data from quarterly or semi-annual testing that the athletes performed for training purposes. Anthropometric and speed-time sprin…
Metabolism of apigenin by rat liver phase I and phase II enzymes and by isolated perfused rat liver
2004
The metabolism of apigenin, a low estrogenic flavonoid phytochemical, was investigated in rat using liver models both in vitro (subcellular fractions) and ex vivo (isolated perfused liver). In vitro, phase I metabolism led to the formation of three monohydroxylated derivatives: luteolin which was the major metabolite (K(m) = 22.5 +/- 1.5 microM; V(max) = 5.605 +/- 0.090 nmol/min/mg protein, means +/- S.E.M.), scutellarein, and iso-scutellarein. These oxidative pathways were mediated by cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s). The use of P450 inhibitors and inducers showed that CYP1A1, CYP2B, and CYP2E1 are involved. In vitro studies of phase II metabolism indicated that apigenin underwent co…
Children from broken homes: visits to the school nurse.
1980
Children from broken homes, especially females, have an increased tendency to visit the school nurse. Complaints are often ill-defined, possibly psychosomatic. These children may require additional medical and emotional support from the school nurse. The effect the broken home may have upon a student has important implications for the physical and emotional health of today's youth. An awareness of this finding can provide school nursing personnel valuable insight in the assessment of students who visit the school nurse.
Does the sex of firstborn children influence subsequent fertility behavior? evidence from family reconstitution.
2006
According to recent studies in evolutionary anthropology, firstborn daughters influence both parity progression and sibling survival by acting as so-called helpers at the nest. Based on 534 sets of household data from family reconstitution, the current analysis fails to show that offspring sex had any direct impact on maternal fertility, sibling survivorship, birth spacing, or reproductive span. Instead, the results indicate that fertility decisions were heavily affected by proximate factors such as child mortality and gender preferences. Families who had experienced child death were swift to substitute the loss with another pregnancy—a phenomenon known as replacement strategy. Similarly, …
The association of calcium intake with osteoporotic vertebral fractures in a large Chinese cohort
2019
The effect of calcium on prevention of osteoporosis and related fracture which are aging issues is unclear. The aim of this study is to explore the association of calcium intake with vertebral fracture. This study enrolled 3,457 participants from China Action on Spine and Hip Status (CASH) study from 2013 and 2017. Dietary calcium intake was collected using validated food frequency questionnaires (FFQ). Vertebral fracture of CT images was defined as the primary outcome. The mean calcium intake of men and women were 522.75mg/day and 507.21mg/day, respectively. 6% reduction in the odds of fracture risk was observed per 100 unit increase of calcium intake from food among females (OR, 0.94; 95%…
Identity–expression interaction in face perception: Sex, visual field, and psychophysical factors
2012
International audience; We investigated the psychophysical factors underlying the identity-emotion interaction in face perception. Visual field and sex were also taken into account. Participants had to judge whether a probe face, presented in either the left or the right visual field, and a central target face belonging to same person while emotional expression varied (Experiment 1) or to judge whether probe and target faces expressed the same emotion while identity was manipulated (Experiment 2). For accuracy we replicated the mutual facilitation effect between identity and emotion; no sex or hemispheric differences were found. Processing speed measurements, however, showed a lesser degree…
A finely tuned strategy adopted by an egg parasitoid to exploit chemical traces from host adults.
2009
SUMMARY Scelionid egg parasitoids can obtain reliable information on the presence of host eggs by discriminating host gender on the basis of chemical footprints of their co-evolved hosts, with a strong preference for the footprint left by host females. Based on the concept of dietary specialization and infochemical use in natural enemies, it could be predicted that host gender discrimination in specialist species belonging to the genus Trissolcus is further tuned to specific cues from distinctive chemical traces left by host females as a consequence of copulation and/or oviposition. To test this hypothesis we used the system Murgantia histrionica – Trissolcus brochymenae. Our results showed…
Does Social Activity Decrease Risk for Institutionalization and Mortality in Older People?
2012
Objectives. Social inactivity predicts adverse health events, but less is known about how different dimensions of social activity are related to health. The aim of this study was to investigate collective (e.g., cultural and organizational activities) and productive (e.g., helping others) social activity as predictors of risk for mortality and institutionalization in old age. Method. A total of 1,181 community-living people aged 65–84 years at baseline were interviewed face to face as part of the Evergreen project, in Jyvaskyla, Finland in 1988. Time to institutionalization and mortality were analyzed in separate models for proportional hazard regression on mortality and competing risks ana…
Frailty and other geriatric conditions for risk stratification of older patients with acute coronary syndrome
2014
Background Geriatric conditions may predict outcomes beyond age and standard risk factors. Our aim was to investigate a wide spectrum of geriatric conditions in survivors after an acute coronary syndrome. Methods A total of 342 patients older than 65 years were included. At hospital discharge, 5 geriatric conditions were evaluated: frailty (Fried and Green scores), physical disability (Barthel index), instrumental disability (Lawton-Brody scale), cognitive impairment (Pfeiffer questionnaire), and comorbidity (Charlson and simple comorbidity indexes). The outcomes were postdischarge mortality and the composite of death/myocardial infarction during a 30-month median follow-up. Results Seventy…
Physical Limitations, Walkability, Perceived Environmental Facilitators and Physical Activity of Older Adults in Finland
2017
The aim was to study objectively assessed walkability of the environment and participant perceived environmental facilitators for outdoor mobility as predictors of physical activity in older adults with and without physical limitations. 75–90-year-old adults living independently in Central Finland were interviewed (n = 839) and reassessed for self-reported physical activity one or two years later (n = 787). Lower-extremity physical limitations were defined as Short Physical Performance Battery score ≤9. Number of perceived environmental facilitators was calculated from a 16-item checklist. Walkability index (land use mix, street connectivity, population density) of the home environment was …