Search results for " Classification"
showing 10 items of 1043 documents
Goal Oriented Soil Mapping
2017
Abstract Soil mapping is very important for the correct implementation of sustainable land use management. In recent decades, soil mapping methods and data availability have increased exponentially, improving the quality of the maps produced. Despite these advances, local knowledge is a great source of information, refined for centuries and useful for soil mapping and the implementation of a sustainable land management. Local wisdom and experience should be an important aspect of soil mapping because farmers will be one of the major end-users of the maps produced and they should account for the farmers’ reality. However, several problems have been identified in the spatial correlation betwe…
Humus in World Soils
1996
Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the soil humus and total organic carbon (OC) content. It reviews the results concerning the changes in soil organic matter (SOM) chemical nature regardless of the technical methods used. Information about C cycling and storage in soils is also given. Soil humus is characterized by its amounts and properties such as water retention capacity, aggregation and cementing agent, and the ability to absorb both nutrients and contaminants. The uncontrolled decrease in soil humus content affects soil water regime, aeration, fertility, and purifying capacity. The chapter focuses on the main soil types and the areas of the world where they are found, and conside…
Soil humic acids formation and characteristics in a xeric mollisol reforested with two tree species
2002
Publisher Summary The study discussed in this chapter examines the influence on humic acids (HAs) characteristics of different plant species—Pinus halepensis Miller and Cedrus atlantica (Endl) Carriere—used in the restoration of a Mollisol under xeric conditions. The area studied is in Sicily (Italy), and two stands were compared 40 years after planting. The differences among soil profile developments in the two stands were investigated by chemical and biochemical methods to understand the different levels at which the processes of pedogenesis acted in the study area. The chapter analyzes some chemical and spectroscopic characteristics of HAs, separated from two selected pedons. The results…
Sampling strategy in molecular microbial ecology: influence of soil sample size on DNA fingerprinting analysis of fungal and bacterial communities.
2003
Assessing soil microbial community structure by the use of molecular techniques requires a satisfactory sampling strategy that takes into account the high microbial diversity and the heterogeneous distribution of microorganisms in the soil matrix. The influence of the sample size of three different soil types (sand, silt and clay soils) on the DNA yield and analysis of bacterial and fungal community structure were investigated. Six sample sizes from 0.125 g to 4 g were evaluated. The genetic community structure was assessed by automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (A-RISA fingerprint). Variations between bacterial (B-ARISA) and fungal (F-ARISA) community structure were quantified b…
Effect of soil and canopy factors on vegetation of Quercus robur woodland in the boreo-nemoral zone: A plant-trait based approach
2013
Abstract The aim of the study was to determine the effect of soil and canopy on the understory vegetation of Quercus robur stands in Latvia, located in the boreo-nemoral zone. To determine the main processes regulating formation of the plant communities, the understory vegetation of Q. robur stands was described using plant traits. Vegetation and soils were described in 24 plots representing contrasting soil types and tree species composition. Redundancy analysis was used to determine the relation between vegetation, described using plant traits (proportion of species with each trait), and soil and canopy factors. About 50% of the variation in vegetation described by plant traits was explai…
Determination of organophosphate flame retardants in soil and fish using ultrasound-assisted extraction, solid-phase clean-up, and liquid chromatogra…
2017
A solid–liquid extraction method in combination with high‐performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry was developed and optimized for extraction and analysis of organophosphorus flame retardants in soil and fish. Methanol was chosen as the optimum extraction solvent, not only in terms of extraction efficiency, but also for its broader analyte coverage. The subsequent clean‐up by solid‐phase extraction is required to eliminate matrix coextractives and reduce matrix effects. Recoveries of the optimized method were 50–121% for soil and 47–123% for biota, both with high precision (RSDs <12% in soil and <23% in biota). The method limits of detection ranged from 0.06 to 0.20 ng…
Update on new approaches in the management of hepatocellular carcinoma
2010
Abstract: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major health problem. It is currently the third cause of cancer-related death, it is highly prevalent in the Asia–Pacific region and Africa, and is increasing in Western countries. The natural history of HCC is very heterogeneous and prediction of survival in individual patients is not satisfactory because of the wide spectrum of the disease. During the past decade, major advances have been achieved in prevention, through better surveillance of patients at risk, and in therapy through better surgical and ablative therapies and multimodal treatment approaches. Moreover, the increasing knowledge of molecular hepatocarcinogenesis provides the oppor…
Effetto della cultivar e del regime colturale sulla risposta spettrale della chioma in Vitis vinifera L.
2008
Lo studio consente di caratterizzare le risposte spettrali all’invaiatura di chioma ed acino di alcune cultivar a bacca nera della piattaforma ampelografica siciliana. La variabilità tra le risposte spettrali delle foglie all’interno della stessa chioma, nonché le variazioni spettrali anche al variare del regime irriguo consentono di effettuare un’analisi comparativa delle cultivar. In questo quadro, le firme spettrali integrano la descrizione ampelografica di chioma e bacche che caratterizza la Vitis Vinifera L.. Infine l’applicazione su un’area pilota di tecniche di classificazione di immagini remote basate sulle caratteristiche spettrali delle cultivar, consente di valutarne le performan…
Simplified spiking neural network architecture and STDP learning algorithm applied to image classification
2015
Spiking neural networks (SNN) have gained popularity in embedded applications such as robotics and computer vision. The main advantages of SNN are the temporal plasticity, ease of use in neural interface circuits and reduced computation complexity. SNN have been successfully used for image classification. They provide a model for the mammalian visual cortex, image segmentation and pattern recognition. Different spiking neuron mathematical models exist, but their computational complexity makes them ill-suited for hardware implementation. In this paper, a novel, simplified and computationally efficient model of spike response model (SRM) neuron with spike-time dependent plasticity (STDP) lear…
The pathology of bladder cancer: An update on selected issues
2006
OBJECTIVE: To achieve a closer relationship between urologists and pathologists and to use a common language and identical objectives in the pathology of bladder cancer. METHODS AND RESULTS: Special emphasis was given to an analysis of the new World Health Organization (WHO) grading system, to the interpretation of the last Tumour-Nodes-Metastasis staging rules, and to identifying new markers of prognostic significance in clinical practice. A consensus was achieved on the main points. CONCLUSIONS: The 2004 WHO grading system must become acceptable to clinicians, perhaps by a minimal modification of the present terminology. Simple transurethral resection-biopsy should be expressed in terms o…