Search results for " Competition"
showing 10 items of 819 documents
The Institutionalists’ Reaction to Chamberlin’s 'Theory of Monopolistic Competition
2009
Edwin Chamberlin's The Theory of Monopolistic competition is often described as containing omportant traces of institutionalist influence. This is also confimred by Chamberlin himself who, repeadetly, referred to the work of Veblen, and John Maurice Clark among his inspirational sources. The aim of this paper is to analyse the institutionalist rection to the publication of the Theory of Monopolistic Competition. What will be argued is that the institutionalist response to Chamberlin was a mixed one, and involved some substantial criticisms of his analysis of market structures both on methodological and theoretical grounds. The paper is organized as follows. The first section presents a sket…
Male dominance and immunocompetence in a field cricket
2004
Female preference for dominant males has been found in many species, and it is generally thought that winners of male-male competition are of superior quality. Success in contests probably depends on male condition and overall health. Thus, females could avoid infection and gain genetic benefits in terms of more viable offspring by mating with dominant males. In the present study, we tested whether dominant males of the Mediterranean field cricket, Gryllus bimaculatus, had higher immunocompetence than did their subordinates in experimental trials. We found that dominant males had better immune defense, as indicated by significantly higher encapsulation rate and lytic activity, than did subo…
Desarrolo, cultura e identidad en América Latina
2008
The author understands culture as more than a result of economic development; he argues that development, itself, is both a fact and a cultural product, based on his wide range concept of culture. According to the text, approaches willing to reduce definitions of development to its economic, social, or any other restrict aspect, only misunderstand the real concept and engender serious mistakes on Government’s action. Moreover, the text states that far from population explosion and absence of resources, problems of social injustice, poverty, social exclusion, disrespect of human rights and aggressions on the environment are basically consequences of the absence of universal ethical values, w…
Extensive gene flow blurs species boundaries amongVeronica barrelieri, V. orchideaandV. spicata(Plantaginaceae) in southeastern Europe
2011
Little is known about the contribution of interspecific hybridization, a frequent phenomenon in plants, to the high plant diversity in southeastern Europe, one of the continent's diversity hot spots. A good system to study the relevance of hybridization for biodiversity in this region is Veronica subg. Pseudolysimachium sect. Pseudolysimachion (Plantaginaceae). Depending on the presumed frequency of hybridization, existing taxonomic concepts in this group range from distinguishing only morphological races without explicit taxonomic status to recognizing several species each with a series of intraspecific taxa. Using genetic (plastid sequences and AFLP fingerprints), ploidy-level and morphom…
Does hospital competition harm equity? Evidence from the English National Health Service
2011
Increasing evidence shows that hospital competition under fixed prices can improve quality and reduce cost. Concerns remain, however, that competition may undermine socio-economic equity in the utilisation of care. We test this hypothesis in the context of the pro-competition reforms of the English National Health Service progressively introduced from 2004 to 2006. We use a panel of 32,482 English small areas followed from 2003 to 2008 and a difference in differences approach. The effect of competition on equity is identified by the interaction between market structure, small area income deprivation and year. We find a negative association between market competition and elective admissions …
Not all group members are created equal: heterogeneous abilities in inter-group contests
2020
AbstractCompetition between groups is ubiquitous in social and economic life, and typically occurs between groups that are not created equal. Here we experimentally investigate the implications of this general observation on the unfolding of symmetric and asymmetric competition between groups that are either homogeneous or heterogeneous in the ability of their members to contribute to the success of the group. Our main finding is that relative to the benchmark case in which two homogeneous compete against each other, heterogeneity within groups per se has no discernable effect on competition, while introducing heterogeneity between groups leads to a significant intensification of conflict a…
Banking Competition, Collateral Constraints and Optimal Monetary Policy
2013
We analyze optimal monetary policy in a model with two distinct financial frictions. First, borrowing is subject to collateral constraints. Second, credit flows are intermediated by monopolistically competitive banks, thus giving rise to endogenous lending spreads. We show that, up to a second order approximation, welfare maximization is equivalent to stabilization of four goals: inflation, output gap, the consumption gap between constrained and unconstrained agents, and the distribution of the collateralizable asset between both groups. Following both financial and non-financial shocks, the optimal monetary policy commitment implies a short-run trade-off between stabilization goals. Such p…
Inflation and optimal monetary policy in a model with firm heterogeneity and Bertrand competition
2018
Abstract We study the joint implications of heterogeneity of total factor productivity and strategic price interactions between firms on the dynamics of inflation and the design of optimal monetary policy. In this setting, more productive firms respond less to shocks affecting their marginal costs than less productive firms. As a consequence, economies with a larger proportion of highly productive firms face a flatter Phillips curve. Moreover, when these two features concur, the Ramsey problem gives rise to an optimal non-zero long run inflation that amplifies the differences in relative prices between more efficient and less efficient firms, thus increasing the market share of the former. …
Market Polarization and the Phillips Curve
2021
The Phillips curve has flattened out over the last decades. We develop a model that rationalizes this phenomenon as a result of the observed increase in polarization in many industries, a process along which a few top firms gain an increasing share of their industry market. In the model, firms compete a la Bertrand and there is exit and endogenous market entry, as well as optimal up and downgrading of technology. Firms with larger market shares find optimal to dampen the response of their price changes, thus cushioning the shocks to their marginal costs through endogenous countercyclical markups. Thus, regardless of its causes (technology, competition, barriers to entry, etc.), the recent i…
Part-of-speech labeling for Reuters database
2015
Even if the Vector Space Model used for document representation in information retrieval systems integrates a small quantity of knowledge it continues to be used due to its computational cost, speed execution and simplicity. We try to improve this document representation by adding some syntactic information such as the parts of speech. In this paper, we have evaluated three different tagging algorithms in order to select the most suitable tagger for using it to tag the Reuters dataset. In this work, we have evaluated the taggers using only five different parts of speech: noun, verb, adverb, adjective and others. We considered these particular tags being the most representative for describin…