Search results for " Conditioning"
showing 10 items of 400 documents
A General Computational Approach for Magnetohydrodynamic Flows Using the CFX Code: Buoyant Flow through a Vertical Square Channel
2000
The buoyancy-driven magnetoconvection in the cross section of an infinitely long vertical square duct is investigated numerically using the CFX code package. The implementation of a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) problem in CFX is discussed, with particular reference to the Lorentz forces and the electric potential boundary conditions for arbitrary electrical conductivity of the walls. The method proposed is general and applies to arbitrary geometries with an arbitrary orientation of the magnetic field. Results for fully developed flow under various thermal boundary conditions are compared with asymptotic analytical solutions. The comparison shows that the asymptotic analysis is confirmed for hi…
Fully Developed Mixed Magnetohydrodynamic Convection in a Vertical Square Duct
2008
The fully developed flow of an electrically conducting, internally heated fluid in a vertical square duct under the influence of buoyancy and magnetohydrodynamic forces is studied. The flow being parallel, the governing equations are two-dimensional and linear; an analytical solution exists for temperature, while velocity and electric potential are computed by a finite difference technique under different electric boundary conditions, forced to natural convection intensity ratios and values of the magnetic induction. Limiting values of pressure gradient and mean velocity are determined for the flow to be unidirectional throughout the duct's section; recirculation occurs for intermediate val…
Dynamic Light Scattering Signal Conditioning for Data Processing
2017
Abstract When performing data acquisition for a Dynamic Light Scattering experiment, one of the most important aspect is the filtering and conditioning of the electrical signal. The signal is amplified first and then fed as input for the analog digital convertor. As a result a digital time series is obtained. The frequency spectrum is computed by the logical unit offering the basis for further Dynamic Light Scattering analysis methods. This paper presents a simple setup that can accomplish the signal conditioning and conversion to a digital time series.
A novel arousal-based individual screening reveals susceptibility and resilience to PTSD-like phenotypes in mice
2021
Translational animal models for studying post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are valuable for elucidating the poorly understood neurobiology of this neuropsychiatric disorder. These models should encompass crucial features, including persistence of PTSD-like phenotypes triggered after exposure to a single traumatic event, trauma susceptibility/resilience and predictive validity. Here we propose a novel arousal-based individual screening (AIS) model that recapitulates all these features. The AIS model was designed by coupling the traumatization (24 h restraint) of C57BL/6 J mice with a novel individual screening. This screening consists of z-normalization of post-trauma changes in startle …
Muscular Activity of the Posterior Deltoid During Swimming vs. Resistance Exercises on Water and Dry Land
2010
The purpose of this study was to compare muscular activity of the posterior deltoid muscle during three typical aquatic physical conditioning activities. This interpretative case study involved a 23-year-old elite swimmer and athlete. Muscular activity was measured with surface electromyography during swimming crawl at maximum speed, and also while performing horizontal shoulder abduction using elastic band and Hydro-Tone Bells resistance. During the maximum voluntary contraction, we observed what appeared to be meaningful differences between the percentage of muscular activation during the swimming activity and that observed during the elastic band and aquatic resistance exercises (18.72% …
Anti-muscarinic drugs as preventive treatment of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) in children and adults.
2020
Regular physical activity is strongly recommended to prevent chronic respiratory diseases, including asthma. On the other hand, vigorous physical training may trigger airway symptoms and bronchoconstriction. The transient airway narrowing occurring because of exercise is named exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB). Despite management according to guidelines, a significant proportion of patients experiences uncontrolled EIB, which thus represents a relevant unmet medical need. In particular, although prevention and treatment of EIB are effectively based on the use of beta-2 bronchodilator drugs, high heterogeneity in individual responses has been reported. Furthermore, even though beta-…
Endurance training damages small airway epithelium in mice.
2007
RATIONALE: In athletes, airway inflammatory cells were found to be increased in induced sputum or bronchial biopsies. Most data were obtained after exposure to cold and dry air at rest or during exercise. Whether training affects epithelial and inflammatory cells in small airways is unknown. OBJECTIVES: To test whether endurance training under standard environmental conditions causes epithelial damage and inflammation in the small airways of mice. METHODS AND MEASUREMENTS: Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded lung sections were obtained in sedentary (n = 14) and endurance-trained (n = 16) Swiss mice at baseline and after 15, 30, and 45 days of training. The following variables were assessed (m…
Regional differences of substrate oxidation capacity in rat hearts: effects of extra load and endurance training.
1990
Male rats, aged 17 weeks at the end of experiments, were divided into four groups. Two groups lived in normal cage conditions with or without extra load (20% of the body weight) and two groups were trained by running with or without extra load for 8 weeks. Oxidation rates of succinate, glutamate + malate, palmitoylcarnitine, and pyruvate, and the activities of lactate dehydrogenase, citrate synthase, isocitrate dehydrogenase and cytochrome oxidase were measured in homogenates of the right ventricle and in those of the subendocardial and subepicardial layers of the left ventricle. Oxidation rates of succinate and palmitoylcarnitine tended to be higher in the subendocardium than in the subepi…
Cold recovery during regasification of LNG part one: Cold utilization far from the regasification facility
2010
The paper deals with cold recovery during LNG regasification. The applications analyzed pertain to the use in deep freezing agro food industry and in space air conditioning facilities in commercial sector (Supermarkets and Hypermarkets) of cold recovered from the regasification process. A modular LNG regasification unit is proposed having the regasification capacity of 2 billion standard cubic meters/year of gas and it is based on use of a Power Cycle working with Ethane, this unit allows operation of cold energy transfer, contained in LNG to be regasified, in a range of temperatures suitable for multipurpose use of cold, reducing regasification process irreversibility. Some electric energy…
Coulomb blockade thermometer: Tests and instrumentation
1998
Coulomb blockade thermometry (CBT) provides a simple method for absolute thermometry in every day laboratory use at cryogenic temperatures. CBT has been found insensitive to even high magnetic fields. We review the principles and the operation of CBT and the fabrication of the sensors, and present new data on radiation hardness and stability of the sensors. We describe the instrumentation of CBT in detail. We have developed two signal conditioning units for CBT measurements. One is a modified alternating current resistance bridge, a versatile laboratory instrument operating with a PC computer, and the other one is a simple stand-alone instrument for direct temperature reading. Test results …