Search results for " Context"
showing 10 items of 461 documents
Perspectives on Cluster Evolution: Critical Review and Future Research Issues
2015
The past two decades have witnessed an ever-growing scholarly interest in regional clusters. The focus of research has mainly been on why clusters exist and what characteristics “functioning” clusters hold. Although the interest in more dynamic views on clusters is not new, in recent years, however, more attention has been paid to providing better explanations of how clusters change and develop over time, giving rise to an increasing popularity of different variants of the cluster life cycle approach. This article offers a critical review of various cluster life cycle models. We discuss the key ideas and arguments put forward by their main protagonists and we identify several shortcomings –…
El paper de la interacció social en el procés de sortida del rol laboral. La jubilació primerenca com a exemple.
2010
El procés d'envelliment a Europa dóna lloc a canvis importants en la composició de la força laboral que plantegen nous desafiaments als diversos agents socials, les empreses, l'administració pública i els treballadors mateixos. Aquesta situació ha fet sorgir un interès cada cop major per entendre el procés que du les persones a jubilar-se abans de temps. La investigació en aquest àmbit ha partit de dues perspectives. Una perspectiva considera la jubilació primerenca com un fenomen involuntari i que és resultat de les polítiques socials i dels acords entre l'empresa, l'administració i els sindicats per fer front a problemes estructurals. L'altra perspectiva, tot i que considera també els efe…
Concepções pessoais de inteligência e auto-estima: que diferenças entre estudantes portuguese e italianos?
2004
Neste artigo apresentam-se alguns dos resultados de um estudo intercultural sobre as concepções pessoais de inteligência e a auto-estima global, comparando alunos de dois níveis de ensino (secundário e superior) de Portugal e de Itália. A amostra total compreende 1540 alunos, 811 italianos e 729 portugueses, de ambos os sexos e de diferentes níveis sócio-económicos, frequentando os 10.º e o 12.º anos do ensino secundário e o 1.º ano de vários cursos universitários em ambos os países. Os instrumentos utilizados foram a Escala de Con- 763 cepções Pessoais de Inteligência (Faria, 2003), com 26 itens, e a Escala de Auto-Estima Global (Rosenberg, 1965), com 10 itens, traduzidas e adaptadas para …
Differences in agency? How adolescents from 18 countries perceive and cope with their futures
2012
This study investigated how N = 5,126 adolescents (mean age of 15 years) from 18 countries perceive and cope with future- and school-related stress. The adolescents completed the Problem Questionnaire (PQ), which assesses stress, and the Coping Across Situations Questionnaire (CASQ), which assesses three coping styles (reflection/support-seeking, emotional outlet, and withdrawal/denial). Across countries, adolescents reported considerably higher levels of future-related stress than school-related stress. The adolescents actively coped with stressors in both domains and seldom relied on emotional outlet or withdrawal/denial. A clustering of the countries according to socioeconomic criteria …
Dialogic struggles and pedagogic innovation
2014
The aim of this research was to explore the way in which talk is used in teacher focus group discussions. The data from these discussions belong to a wider study on the challenges teachers face when introducing foreign-language mediated education. The research presented here provides a careful analysis of the talk between teachers drawing on Bakhtin’s dialogic theory. This theoretical framework allows for the critical consideration of the relationship between the teachers and the cultural context of institutionalised education. The main outcome from this research is the notion of ‘dialogic struggle’ as an important characteristic of and window into thought-in-progress. As a key feature of t…
Sex and Prisons: Women and Spanish Penitentiary Reform, 1787-1808
2019
Whereas prisons had previously been thought of as transitory places for those awaiting trial, the new prison system aimed at the reformation of convicts. In Spain the first organisation set up to improve prison conditions was the Señoras de las Cárceles. This article shows how the Señoras attempted to erase the sexual aspect of women's prisons and create instead a morally acceptable space in which to educate female prisoners. Their practices reveal how changing ideas about punishment and education, sexuality and gender, entered the Spanish penal system, permeated civil society and facilitated the transition to a different legal regime.
Developing a new approach to managing and mediating conflicts
2017
Generally speaking, words can be elusive and they need to be carefully selected when conveying messages, ideas and proposals between parties. This is all the more evident in mediation process as language has to be neutral and mediators should avoid expressions directing parties. In this regard, recent theoretical developments in postmodern social theory and the social constructionist movement in the social sciences and humanities have provided the field of alternative dispute resolution with a new approach to managing and mediating conflicts. These developments are organized around the ‘narrative approach’ which helps us to see how the language we use to describe and understand our conflict…
The foreign language teaching profession in Finnish and Japanese society: a sociocultural comparison
2016
The social basis of a teaching profession is created through behavioural and cultural patterns, specific artefacts, and their connection to certain institutional practices. The purpose of this study is to discover the conditions that structure the teaching profession in a cultural context and to find out what it is to be a foreign language (FL) teacher in Finland and Japan. Both countries have high educational equality but with contrasting patterns of management policies that are manifested in their teacher education curricula. Educational policy documents as well as teacher interviews and classroom observations were conducted in both countries and the findings compared by one Japanese and …
Masculinity in flux? : Male managers navigating between work and family
2020
The article sheds light on male managers’ experience as fathers in a post-Soviet context in Lithuania. This empirical study of 12 male managers’ experiences of work-family integration (WFI), their ways of coping with negative experiences, and the role of organizations in reducing conflict and enriching WFI, reveal the emergence of a new paternal identity: fathers who perceive their role as caregivers but for whom this is still subordinate to the dominant role of the breadwinner. Relying on their wife is a man’s dominant coping strategy. Organizations are perceived as family unfriendly. The managerial implications of the need for organizational support are discussed. peerReviewed
Factor analysis of the Spanish Burnout Inventory among public administration employees
2014
Burnout has been recognized as an important stress-related problem. Researchers have been troubled by some of the psychometric limitations of the questionnaires developed to evaluate burnout. This study was designed to assess the factor structure of the Spanish Burnout Inventory in a sample of 548 Brazilian public administration employees. This instrument comprises 20 items distributed in four dimensions: enthusiasm toward the job (5 items), psychological exhaustion (4 items), indolence (6 items), and guilt (5 items). The factor structure was examined through confirmatory factor analysis. To assess the factorial validity of the Spanish Burnout Inventory, four alternative models were tested.…