Search results for " Contracts"

Quo vadis? : pięćdziesiąt lat kodeksu cywilnego

2015

Anatomy of Cartel Contracts

2013

We study cartel contracts using data on 18 contract clauses of 109 legal Finnish manufacturing cartels. One third of the clauses relate to raising profits; the others deal with instability through incentive compatibility, cartel organization, or external threats. Cartels use three main approaches to raise profits: Price, market allocation, and specialization. These appear to be substitutes. Choosing one has implications on how cartels deal with instability. Simplifying, we find that large cartels agree on prices, cartels in homogenous goods industries allocate markets, and small cartels avoid competition through specialization.

L’impatto della pandemia sui rapporti contrattuali: problemi e rimedi

2021

This paper aims to analyze the global disaster caused by the COVID-19 pandemic that has disrupted the existence of almost all of humanity. In addition, examine the significant limitations limitations on individual and collective freedoms to protect public health and, secondly, to mitigate as much as possible the impact of the pandemic on economic activities. The attention of the article focuses exclusively on the rules that impact on the general discipline of obligations and contracts. The essay deals with the institutions of contract law that are best suited to counteract the effects of the pandemic on contractual relationships, especially those long term. Particular attention is paid to t…

La disciplina generale del contratto- Seconda edizione

2017

Il volume si propone di offrire non una mera esposizione ma una chiave di lettura del diritto dei contratti attuale, corroborata dagli ampi riferimenti alle più significative prese di posizione della giurisprudenza su questioni aperte,specie quelle che tornano ad interrogare il rapporto tra legge, ruolo del giudice, autonomia dei privati. Sulla scorta di una precisa scelta di metodo, si è assunta la disciplina di fonte europea - in materia di contratti di consumo e di contratti tra imprese- non come parte ‘speciale’ ma quale componente a pieno titolo del diritto dei contratti, valorizzando le ricadute sul piano sistematico e l’ effetto ‘di contaminazione’determinati dall’innesto delle regol…

La compra silenciosa. Arrendamientos, estabilidad y mejoras en la agricultura valenciana de regadío (1850–1930)

2007

Resumen Este articulo analiza como fue posible, en el regadio valenciano, un desarrollo agrario basado en el arrendamiento de pequenas explotaciones. Del estudio de los contratos firmados en la huerta de Gandia se deduce, en primer lugar, que los arrendatarios ocupaban la parcela durante un periodo bastante prolongado de tiempo, que tendio a crecer durante la segunda mitad del siglo XIX; y, en segundo, que a menudo los cultivadores eran indemnizados al finalizar su contrato por las mejoras que habian introducido. A largo plazo, todo ello consolido su posicion, porque el cultivador se convirtio en “semipropietario” de hecho de la tierra mejorada. Por su parte, los terratenientes rentistas ob…

Youth Transition from School to Work in Spain

2001

Using a data set drawn from the Encuesta Socio-Demográfica conducted by the Instituto Nacional de Estadística in 1991, we analyze the labor market entrance of Spanish school leavers and the match between education and work at the early stages of working life. The empirical evidence shows that human capital exerts a strong influence on the duration of unemployment. With regard to the job match between education and work we find that young workers are more likely to be underutilized compared to their adult co-workers. Regression results indicate that people with higher education have, all else being equal, a lower probability of being overeducated and a shorter lenght of unemployment. They al…

Are discriminatory procurement policies motivated by protectionism ?

1995

When purchasing goods and services, governments often discriminate in favour of domestic suppliers. It is widely assumed that such behaviour is motivated by protectionism. Although this interpretation is sometimes valid, it is also puzzling. After reviewing some of the puzzles, the paper proposes an alternative explanation of preferential procurement based on the assumption that governmental buyers want to purchase goods and services at minimum cost, but must do this in a context in which, because of the presence of unverifiable services, contracts are necessarily incomplete. The paper argues that preferential purchasing can guarantee the efficient delivery of these unverifiable services.

Contribution à la compréhension des causes des comportements socialement responsables : l'étude des contrats psychologiques au sein d'une entreprise …

2014

Stakeholders require companies to include in their management process social responsibility criteria such as health and safety and the fight against discrimination etc. Standards of CSR or sustainable development (ISO 26000, 14001, OHSAS 18001, 1000 AA ...) are many and reflect the issues and difficulties in its operationalization. NGO‟s criticisms reveal, among other things, the lack of commitment of employees who are at the very heart of the company's shares. This work is part of doctoral research determining causes of socially responsible behavior of employees. We discuss our research in terms of the Employment Relationship-Organization-and inscribe our work in the concept of psychologic…

Giuliano e i nova negotia: sulla tutela dei c.d. contratti innominati tra l’età traianea e l’età dei Severi

2021

The study deals with Julian's thought on the protection of innominate contracts. In this regard, the idea is widespread that the jurist was opposed to an enlargement of the contractual sphere beyond the figures recognized at the edictal level. This conviction is based primarily on Ulp. 4 ad ed. D. 2.14.7.2, well-known testimony in which Julian is reprimanded by Maurician and Ulpian for having granted an action in factum about a case of eviction, for which, according to both jurists his successors, he could have acted with the actio civilis incerti. The study disputes this idea and comes to the conclusion rather than to determine Julian’s solution of Ulp. 4 ad ed. it was a functional (or eco…

Necessidade do controlar de oficio as cláusulas abusivas nos contratos com consumidores: Estudo comparado com o sistema espanhol

2016

Las autoridades europeas abogan por dotar al juez de mayores facultades para controlar ex officio la inclusión de cláusulas abusivas en los contratos de adhesión celebrados entre empresarios y consumidores. Una línea jurisprudencial incorporada en España, mejorando así la tutela y protección de los derechos e intereses de los consumidores. No obstante, países como Uruguay no contemplan esta posibilidad, impidiendo al juez realizar un control de contenido cuando no haya sido solicitado por las partes puesto que se cuestiona su anulación debido a la propia naturaleza de la nulidad. En el presente artículo analizamos las diferentes regulaciones de las cláusulas abusivas en los ordenamientos es…