Search results for " Control"

showing 10 items of 7691 documents

Flexible switching of feedback control mechanisms allows for learning of different task dynamics.

2013

To produce skilled movements, the brain flexibly adapts to different task requirements and movement contexts. Two core abilities underlie this flexibility. First, depending on the task, the motor system must rapidly switch the way it produces motor commands and how it corrects movements online, i.e. it switches between different (feedback) control policies. Second, it must also adapt to environmental changes for different tasks separately. Here we show these two abilities are related. In a bimanual movement task, we show that participants can switch on a movement-by-movement basis between two feedback control policies, depending only on a static visual cue. When this cue indicates that the …

AdultAnatomy and PhysiologyCognitive NeuroscienceMovementFeedback controlNeurophysiologylcsh:MedicineMotor ActivitySocial and Behavioral SciencesNeurological SystemFeedbackMotor ReactionsYoung Adult03 medical and health sciencesLearning and Memory0302 clinical medicineHuman–computer interactionTask Performance and AnalysisMotor systemReaction TimePsychologyLearningHumansMotor activitylcsh:ScienceBiologySensory cue030304 developmental biologyMotor SystemsComputational NeurosciencePhysics0303 health sciencesMultidisciplinarybusiness.industrylcsh:RCognitive PsychologyMotor commandsRoboticsMental HealthArmMedicinelcsh:QArtificial intelligenceCuesbusiness030217 neurology & neurosurgeryHuman learningResearch ArticleNeurosciencePLoS ONE
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Increased migraine-free intervals with multifocal repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation.

2021

Introduction: Episodic migraine is a debilitating condition associated with vast impairments of health, daily living, and life quality. Several prophylactic treatments exist, having a moderate ratio of action related to side effects and therapy costs. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is an evidence based therapy in several neuropsychiatric conditions, showing robust efficacy in alleviating specific symptoms. However, its efficacy in migraine disorders is unequivocal and might be tightly linked to the applied rTMS protocol. We hypothesized that multifocal rTMS paradigm could improve clinical outcomes in patients with episodic migraine by reducing the number of migraine day…

AdultAuramedicine.medical_treatmentMigraine Disorders50% responder RatesBiophysicsStimulationNeurosciences. Biological psychiatry. NeuropsychiatryPilot Projectslaw.inventionRandomized controlled trialDouble-Blind MethodlawmedicineHumansAdverse effectMigraineBalance (ability)business.industryGeneral NeurosciencePreventionMiddle Agedmedicine.diseaseTranscranial Magnetic StimulationTranscranial magnetic stimulationMultifocal rTMSTreatment OutcomeMigraineAnesthesiaPropensity score matchingMigraine daysQuality of LifeFemaleNeurology (clinical)businessRC321-571Brain stimulation
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Motion-Cuing Algorithms

2015

Objective:The aim of this study was to characterize the human response to motion-cuing algorithms (MCAs) by comparing users’ perception to several proposed objective indicators.Background:Other researchers have proposed several MCAs, but few improvements have been achieved lately. One of the reasons for this lack of progress is that fair comparisons between different algorithms are hard to achieve, for their evaluation needs to be performed with humans and the tuning process is slow.Method:This characterization is performed by means of a comparison of the subjective perception of vehicle simulation users (90 participants) against several proposed objective indicators that try to measure MCA…

AdultAutomobile DrivingEngineeringInjury controlAccident preventionmedia_common.quotation_subjectPoison controlTransportationHuman Factors and ErgonomicsMotion (physics)MotionYoung AdultBehavioral NeurosciencePerceptionTask Performance and AnalysisHumansComputer SimulationMotion perceptionApplied Psychologymedia_commonbusiness.industryEquipment DesignMiddle AgedHuman engineeringAutomobile drivingPerceptionErgonomicsCuesbusinessAlgorithmAlgorithmsHuman Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society
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Legibility of Text and Pictograms in Variable Message Signs: Can Single-Word Messages Outperform Pictograms?

2018

The current research shows the advantage of single-word messages in the particular case of variable message signs (VMSs) with a high aspect ratio.Early studies on traffic sign design proposed that pictorial information would advantage equivalent text messages in static signs.We used a driving simulator to present individually 36 VMSs, showing six words (e.g., "congestion") and six danger signs (e.g., congestion traffic sign). In Experiment 1, 18 drivers read aloud the text or orally identified the pictograms as soon as they could correctly do it. In Experiment 2, a different sample of 18 drivers gave a motor response, according to the meaning of the message. We analyzed the legibility dista…

AdultAutomobile DrivingInjury controlComputer sciencePoison controlHuman Factors and Ergonomicscomputer.software_genreLegibilityPictogramText messageBehavioral Neuroscience0502 economics and businessHumans0501 psychology and cognitive sciences050107 human factorsApplied Psychology050210 logistics & transportationbusiness.industry05 social sciencesVariable (computer science)Pattern Recognition VisualReadingSpace PerceptionArtificial intelligencebusinessTraffic signcomputerWord (computer architecture)Natural language processingPsychomotor PerformanceHuman factors
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Meta-analysis: remission and response from control arms of randomized trials of biological therapies for active luminal Crohn's disease.

2008

1. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2008 Jun;27(12):1210-23. Epub 2008 Mar 14. Meta-analysis: remission and response from control arms of randomized trials of biological therapies for active luminal Crohn's disease. Tinè F, Rossi F, Sferrazza A, Orlando A, Mocciaro F, Scimeca D, Olivo M, Cottone M. Divisione di Gastroenterologia, Azienda Ospedaliera V. Cervello, Palermo, Italy. fabiotinemd@virgilio.it BACKGROUND: Remission and response are the main outcomes to evaluate the efficacy of new treatments for Crohn's disease (CD). AIM: To explain variation of remission and response rates in active luminal CD. METHODS: We studied control patients from trials of biological therapies through articles retriev…

AdultBiological TherapyMalePlacebosTreatment Outcomemetanalysis. biologics.crohn's diseaseCrohn DiseaseDose-Response Relationship DrugRemission InductionHumansFemaleRandomized Controlled Trials as Topic
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Standard vs Distal Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass in Patients With Body Mass Index 50 to 60: A Double-blind, Randomized Clinical Trial.

2016

Up to one-third of patients undergoing bariatric surgery have a body mass index (BMI) of more than 50. Following standard gastric bypass, many of these patients still have a BMI greater than 40 after peak weight loss.To assess the efficacy and safety of standard gastric bypass vs distal gastric bypass in patients with a BMI of 50 to 60.Double-blind, randomized clinical parallel-group trial at 2 tertiary care centers in Norway (Oslo University Hospital and Vestfold Hospital Trust) between May 2011 and April 2013. The study included 113 patients with a BMI of 50 to 60 aged 20 to 60 years. The 2-year follow-up was completed in May 2015.Standard gastric bypass (alimentary limb, 150 cm) and dist…

AdultBlood GlucoseDiarrheaMalemedicine.medical_specialtyGastric Bypass030209 endocrinology & metabolismGastroenterologyProtein-Energy Malnutritionlaw.inventionBody Mass Index03 medical and health sciencesYoung Adult0302 clinical medicineRandomized controlled trialQuality of lifeDouble-Blind MethodlawWeight lossDiabetes mellitusInternal medicineWeight LossmedicineHumans030212 general & internal medicineAdverse effectGlycated HemoglobinSleep Apnea Obstructivebusiness.industryHyperparathyroidismCholesterol LDLMiddle Agedmedicine.diseaseRoux-en-Y anastomosisObesitySurgeryObesity MorbidDiabetes Mellitus Type 2HypertensionQuality of LifeSurgeryFemalemedicine.symptombusinessBody mass indexFollow-Up StudiesJAMA surgery
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Erratum: Effect of magnesium supplementation on glucose metabolism in people with or at risk of diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of do…

2016

Although higher dietary intakes of magnesium (Mg) seem to correspond to lower diabetes incidence, research concerning Mg supplementation in people with or at risk of diabetes is limited. Thus, we aimed to investigate the effect of oral Mg supplementation on glucose and insulin-sensitivity parameters in participants with diabetes or at high risk of diabetes compared with placebo. A literature search in PubMed, EMBASE, SCOPUS, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Clinicaltrials.gov without language restriction, was undertaken. Eligible studies were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effect of oral Mg supplementation vs placebo in patients with diabetes or at h…

AdultBlood GlucoseMale0301 basic medicinemedicine.medical_specialtyCalorieMagnesium supplementationMedicine (miscellaneous)030209 endocrinology & metabolismCarbohydrate metabolismlaw.inventionDouble blind03 medical and health sciences0302 clinical medicineDouble-Blind MethodRandomized controlled triallawInternal medicineDiabetes mellitusDiabetes MellitusmedicineHumansMagnesiumAgedRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicGlucose tolerance test030109 nutrition & dieteticsNutrition and Dieteticsmedicine.diagnostic_testbusiness.industryMedicine (all)Medicine (miscellaneous); Medicine (all); Nutrition and DieteticsFastingGlucose Tolerance TestMiddle Agedmedicine.diseaseObesityEndocrinologyMeta-analysisDietary Supplementsmagnesium Nutrition diabetes Dietetics glucose metabolismFemalebusinessBody mass indexEuropean Journal of Clinical Nutrition
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Glucose control in the older patient: from intensive, to effective and safe.

2009

Older adults represent an extensive proportion of Type 2 diabetic patients. Managing diabetes in this population is challenging, because complex comorbidity and disability often mean that guidelines are not suitable on an individual basis. Recent evidence has raised animated discussion of the possibility that intensive glucose control may cause more harm than benefit, especially in older adults. The benefit of glycemic control on microvascular diabetic complications has been consistently demonstrated, but the evidence of benefit on macrovascular disease is not uniform in all studies. Glycemic control appears to prevent the development of cardiovascular events, but is less helpful in seconda…

AdultBlood GlucoseMaleAgingmedicine.medical_specialtyPopulationType 2 diabetesHypoglycemiaDiabetes ComplicationsDiabetes mellitusNeoplasmsmedicineDementiaHumansHypoglycemic AgentsInsulinIntensive care medicineeducationMacrovascular diseaseGlycemicAgedRandomized Controlled Trials as Topiceducation.field_of_studybusiness.industryAge FactorsMiddle Agedmedicine.diseaseComorbidityHypoglycemiaDiabetes Mellitus Type 2Accidental FallsDementiaFemaleGeriatrics and GerontologybusinessAging clinical and experimental research
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Study protocol of the Diabetes and Depression Study (DAD): a multi-center randomized controlled trial to compare the efficacy of a diabetes-specific …

2013

Background Depression is common in diabetes and associated with hyperglycemia, diabetes related complications and mortality. No single intervention has been identified that consistently leads to simultaneous improvement of depression and glycemic control. Our aim is to analyze the efficacy of a diabetes-specific cognitive behavioral group therapy (CBT) compared to sertraline (SER) in adults with depression and poorly controlled diabetes. Methods/Design This study is a multi-center parallel arm randomized controlled trial currently in its data analysis phase. We included 251 patients in 70 secondary care centers across Germany. Key inclusion criteria were: type 1 or 2 diabetes, major depress…

AdultBlood GlucoseMaleResearch designmedicine.medical_specialtymedicine.medical_treatmentlaw.inventionGroup psychotherapyStudy ProtocolYoung AdultCognitionClinical ProtocolsRandomized controlled triallawGermanySertralineInternal medicineDiabetes mellitusHumansMedicineYoung adultPsychiatryDepression (differential diagnoses)AgedGlycemicGlycated HemoglobinDepressive Disorder MajorSertralineCognitive Behavioral Therapybusiness.industryMiddle Agedmedicine.diseaseAntidepressive AgentsPsychiatry and Mental healthDiabetes Mellitus Type 1Treatment OutcomeDiabetes Mellitus Type 2Research DesignPsychotherapy GroupFemalebusinessmedicine.drugBMC Psychiatry
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Ensayo no aleatorizado de un programa de fisioterapia continuo frente a interválico para pacientes con sobrepeso y síndrome coronario agudo

2020

Resumen: Presentamos un ensayo no aleatorizado de un programa de fisioterapia continuo frente a interválico para pacientes con sobrepeso y síndrome coronario agudo. Objetivo: Detectar diferencias entre un programa de fisioterapia (PF) continuo (CONT) y uno interválico (INT) en pacientes con sobrepeso y síndrome coronario agudo, respecto a parámetros antropométricos, analíticos, frecuencia cardiaca de reposo, adherencia a la intervención, desgaste, seguridad y tolerancia. Diseño: Estudio multicéntrico cuasiexperimental con diseño pre-post, no aleatorizado con muestreo por conveniencia con 2 brazos de tratamiento. Emplazamiento: Centros de prevención cardiaca comunitaria (Departamentos de Sal…

AdultBlood GlucoseMaleTime FactorsNon-Randomized Controlled Trials as TopicWarm-Up Exercise030204 cardiovascular system & hematologyBody Mass Index03 medical and health sciences0302 clinical medicineHeart RateHumansSíndrome coronario agudo030212 general & internal medicinePhysiotherapyFisioterapiaTriglyceridesAgedlcsh:R5-920PreventionGeneral MedicineMiddle AgedOverweightOriginalesLipidsExercise TherapyPrevenciónCool-Down ExerciseSobrepesoPhysical EnduranceFemaleAcute coronary syndromeWaist Circumferencelcsh:Medicine (General)Family PracticeAtención Primaria
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