Search results for " Conversion"

Fusion of technology management and financing management - Amazon's transformative endeavor by orchestrating techno-financing systems

2020

Amazon became the world R&D leader in 2017 by rapidly increasing R&D investment. Its R&D investment in 2017 was double that of 2015, 5 times that of 2012, and 10 times that of 2011. This rapid increase continued in 2018, and Amazon accomplished a skyrocketing increase in its market capitalization, closing to being the world's biggest company. Such a rapid increase in R&D and subsequent market value has raised questions about how to conduct R&D and secure a large amount of funds needed for high-risk investments. Amazon has provided hypothetical answers to both of these questions. Amazon has been conducting innovative R&D to transform routine or periodic alterations into significant improveme…

Institutional systems inducing R&D in Amazon- the role of an investor surplus toward stakeholder capitalization

2020

Abstract Amazon demonstrated a conspicuous increase in R&D and became the world's top R&D firm in 2017 with a skyrocketing increase in market capitalization, making it close to being the world's biggest company. Such a remarkable accomplishment can be attributed to Amazon's institutional systems, which orchestrate techno-financing systems that fuse a unique R&D transformation system and a sophisticated financing system centered on the cash conversion cycle (CCC). These institutional systems support and endorse aggressive investment in R&D that incorporates the characteristics of uncertainty, a long lead time, and successive inflows of very large amounts of funding without interruption. Whil…

Wide range excitation of visible luminescence in nanosilica

2010

The visible luminescence of nanometer-sized silica particles (7 nm mean diameter) was investigated using time resolved spectroscopy. This luminescence is characterized by a wide excitation in the visible and ultraviolet range. The emission spectrum is centred at 2.72 eV with a full width at half maximum of 0.70 eV when excited above 3.5 eV, whereas it progressively empties on the high energy side when excited below 3.5 eV. Moreover, the lifetime falls in the ns timescale and decreases on increasing the emission energy. These features are due to the exceptionally broad inhomogeneous distribution of the emitting centres peculiar to the silica nanoparticles. © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights res…

On the Phase Separation in n-Type Thermoelectric Half-Heusler Materials

2018

Half-Heusler compounds have been in focus as potential materials for thermoelectric energy conversion in the mid-temperature range, e.g., as in automotive or industrial waste heat recovery, for more than ten years now. Because of their mechanical and thermal stability, these compounds are advantageous for common thermoelectric materials such as Bi 2 Te 3 , SiGe, clathrates or filled skutterudites. A further advantage lies in the tunability of Heusler compounds, allowing one to avoid expensive and toxic elements. Half-Heusler compounds usually exhibit a high electrical conductivity σ , resulting in high power factors. The main drawback of half-Heusler compounds is their high lattice th…

A discrete pulse group control-based series resonant inverter with complete ZCS-assisted inductors for consumer high frequency IH application

2017

This paper presents a pulse density modulated (PDM) voltage source high frequency series load resonant soft switching inverter (SRI) for the HF induction heated fixing roller in the energy saving copy and printing machines. The proposed simple and high efficiency SRI based on PDM control operation can achieve complete zero current soft switching for wide output power regulation ranges. In this work, its transient and steady-state operating principle are described and analyzed on the basis of high frequency PDM. The operating performances as power conversion efficiency, power losses analysis and temperature rising characteristics of this SRI are demonstrated and discussed through experimenta…

Metal-free organic dyes with di(1-benzothieno)[3,2-b:2′,3′-d]pyrrole as an auxiliary donor for efficient dye-sensitized solar cells: Effect of the mo…

2019

Abstract A series of novel di(1-benzothieno)[3,2-b:2′,3′-d]pyrrole (DBTP)-based organic dyes (WL5-10) with D-D-π-A or D-D-A-π-A configurations are designed and the relationship between the properties and molecular configurations of these organic dyes are studied systematically. WL5,7–8 with D-D-π-A configuration incorporating triphenylamine or phenothiazine as donor and DBTP as auxiliary donor and WL9-10 with D-D-A-π-A configuration incorporating benzothiadiazole as an auxiliary acceptor are synthesized to study the effect of the molecular engineering on the photovoltaic performance. WL5,7–8 exhibit similar absorption spectra and high molar extinction coefficient. Especially, the dye WL5 wi…

Dithienopyrrolobenzothiadiazole-based organic dyes for efficient dye-sensitized solar cells

2014

Four novel D–π–A metal-free organic dyes DTP1–4 containing a dithienopyrrolobenzothiadiazole (DTPBT) unit were synthesized and applied in dye-sensitized solar cells, where DTPBT was employed as a π-spacer for the first time. The photophysical, electrochemical and photovoltaic properties of the dyes were systematically investigated. The dyes DTP1–4 showed broad absorption spectra and high molar extinction coefficient, resulting in high light harvesting efficiency. In addition, the impacts of donors and the thiophene unit as an additional π-spacer were also studied. The results showed that the dye DTP4 with triphenylamine as the donor exhibited better photovoltaic performance than DTP1–3 with…

Anti-recombination organic dyes containing dendritic triphenylamine moieties for high open-circuit voltage of DSSCs

2013

Abstract Three novel sensitizers with dendritic triphenylamine moieties were synthesized and used for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Their absorption spectra, electrochemical and photovoltaic properties were extensively investigated. All three DSSCs exhibit high open-circuit voltage over 0.8 V. The photovoltaic results indicate that the dendritic triphenylamine units improve the open-circuit voltage, which is attributed to the retardation of charge recombination, demonstrating that non-planar and larger molecules exert better blocking function. Under standard global AM 1.5 solar conditions, the best performance of the DSSCs exhibits a short-circuit current density of 10.35 mA cm−2, an …

2017

Abstract Chromic acid anodizing is important for the corrosion protection of aerospace aluminium alloys. Previous study has demonstrated that SO 4 2 − impurity in the chromic acid affects the film growth on aluminium at a voltage of 100 V. The present work further investigates aluminium and extends the study to industrial anodizing conditions (Bengough-Stuart (B-S) process) and to the AA 2024-T3 alloy. It is shown that SO 4 2 − concentrations between ~ 38–300 ppm reduce the film growth rate for aluminium anodized at 100 V in comparison with an electrolyte than contains ≤ 1.5 ppm SO 4 2 − , whereas ~ 1500–3000 ppm SO 4 2 have an opposite effect and lead to an unstable pore diameter. Under th…

Preparation of mixed oxides MNdO3, with M=Cr, Fe. Comparison of several methods

1993

Abstract Different methods for the formation of NdCrO3 and NdFeO3, having the perovskite-like structure, were studied including the ceramic method, simultaneous precipitation of hydroxides and simultaneous crystallization from aqueous solutions of nitrates. Preparation of mixed oxides from hydroxides simultaneously precipitated lowered the temperature and time required for their formation. In the case of NdCrO3 the formation process from hydroxides and nitrates occurred through the chromate, NdCrO4, without intermediate decomposition of the precursor to metal oxides, which lead to the mixed oxide by 600°C.