Search results for " Cost"
showing 10 items of 3966 documents
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2022
Urban water quality modelling: a parsimonious holistic approach for a complex real case study
2010
In the past three decades, scientific research has focused on the preservation of water resources, and in particular, on the polluting impact of urban areas on natural water bodies. One approach to this research has involved the development of tools to describe the phenomena that take place on the urban catchment during both wet and dry periods. Research has demonstrated the importance of the integrated analysis of all the transformation phases that characterise the delivery and treatment of urban water pollutants from source to outfall. With this aim, numerous integrated urban drainage models have been developed to analyse the fate of pollution from urban catchments to the final receiving …
LA SECONDA VITA DELLO STERI: 1458-1535-The second life of the Steri: 1458-1535
2015
Progetto, costruzione, mutazioni: la storia di un’architettura sperimenta molte vite; nuove generazioni, differenti esigenze e usi ne mutano presupposti e condizioni iniziali. Lo Steri dei Chiaromonte a Palermo ha attraversato vicende secolari. I saggio propone un racconto della genesi e dell’inizio di un processo (tra XIV e XVI secolo) ancora in corso, la fase meno nota e documentabile di un imponente edificio nel cuore di una grande città del Mediterraneo. Design, construction and transformations: the history of a work of architecture has many lives. New generations, and different needs and uses change the initial assumptions and conditions. The Steri, the palace of the Chiaramonte family…
La tradizione costruttiva degli edifici di culto in legno lituani tra XVIII e XIX secolo
2014
Lithuania is situated in a highly forested Northern Europe area and has a variety of wooden buildings. These buildings are still mostly prevalent in villages and towns as well as in large cities, intimately related with landscape and nature, most of which had been realized in 18th and 19th centuries. Among the wooden structures we enumerate the religious buildings, churches and bell towers, rich of historic values, presenting different forms and sizes, a complex design and stratified construction phases. The wooden buildings realized in the 18th century are rich of historical and stylistic references with the other European countries: in these churches we can find the perfect representative…
Assessing the Energy-Saving Potential of a Dish-Stirling Concentrator Integrated into Energy Plants in the Tertiary Sector
2021
Energy consumed for air conditioning in residential and tertiary sectors accounts for a large share of global use. To reduce the environmental impacts burdening the covering of such demands, the adoption of renewable energy technologies is increasing. In this regard, this paper evaluates the energy and environmental benefits achievable by integrating a dish-Stirling concentrator into energy systems used for meeting the air conditioning demand of an office building. Two typical reference energy plants are assumed: (i) a natural gas boiler for heating purposes and air-cooled chillers for the cooling periods, and (ii) a reversible heat pump for both heating and cooling. For both systems, a dis…
Scope-Oriented Thermoeconomic analysis of energy systems. Part I: Looking for a non-postulated cost accounting for the dissipative devices of a vapou…
2010
Abstract The authors of the main thermoeconomic methodologies developed in the last two decades have recently focused their efforts on the analysis of dissipative devices, i.e. those components whose productive purpose is neither intuitive nor easy to define. Coherent and unanimously accepted cost structures have been identified for dissipative components, while ambiguities still exist as concerns the cost allocation principles to be adopted. Being this aspect evidently cost-influencing, accurate analyses focused on the subjectivity of results are needed. This paper is structured in two parts. In the Part I an in-depth study of some critical issues arising from the thermoeconomic analysis o…
Exergoeconomic analysis as support in decision-making for the design and operation of multiple chiller systems in air conditioning applications
2020
Abstract Multiple-chillers systems represent viable solutions for medium/large-scale air conditioning applications characterized by variable cooling demand. The energy efficiency of such systems is influenced by the number of chillers, the combination of cooling capacities, and the load-sharing among the units. Large efforts have been devoted to developing efficient operation strategies for these systems, but rules of thumb are usually adopted for selecting cooling capacities thus leaving room for energy and economic savings. In this paper, exergoeconomic analysis is proposed as a promising method to identify near-optimal design and operation strategies, due to the capability of exergoecono…
A critical assessment of methods for the determination of the shear stress amplitude in multiaxial fatigue criteria belonging to critical plane class
2015
Abstract Multiaxial high cycle fatigue criteria based on the critical plane approach necessitate unambiguous definitions of the amplitude and mean value of the shear stress (τa and τm) acting on the material planes. Four of the existing definitions relate the values of τa and τm to a geometrical element of the curve described by the tip of the shear stress vector (curve Ψ), respectively, the radius of the Minimum Circumscribed Circle, the Longest Chord, the Longest Projection, the diagonal of the Maximum Rectangular Hull (MRH). In this paper a critical assessment of the above definitions is proposed, focusing on that based on the concept of MRH, which is the most recently developed. The mai…
Challenges and opportunities for citrus wastewater management and valorisation: A review.
2022
Citrus wastewaters (CWWs) are by-products of the citrus fruit transformation process. Currently, more than 700 million of m³ of CWWs per year are produced worldwide. Until nowadays, the management of CWWs is based on a take-make-use-dispose model. Indeed, after being produced within a citrus processing industry, CWWs are subjected to treatment and then discharged into the environment. Now, the European Union is pushing towards a take-make-use-reuse management model, which suggests to provide for the minimization of residual pollutants simultaneously with their exploitation through a biorefinery concept. Indeed, the recovery of energy nutrients and other value-added products held by CWWs may…
Ridisegnare il confine fra "noi" e "loro": interrogativi sulla revoca della cittadinaza
2019
Esiste un limite costituzionale alla privazione della cittadinanza? Il decreto legge n. 113/2018 ha recentemente introdotto un nuovo articolo 10-bis nella legge n. 91/1992 che disciplina la revoca della cittadinanza. Si tratta di una “sanzione” che può essere inflitta dal Presidente della Repubblica su proposta del Ministro dell’interno entro tre anni dalla condanna definitiva per gravi fatti di reato ed è applicabile soltanto ad alcune categorie di cittadini (non si può revocare la cittadinanza ai cittadini iure sanguinis, per beneficio di legge o per adozione). La revoca della cittadinanza è una assoluta novità nella legislazione italiana a far data dalle leggi fasciste del 1926 e sembra …