Search results for " DEB"

The European Union vs. the Government in Warsaw. The political debate around the possibility of applying Article 7 of the European Union Treaty again…

2018

Both the assumptions behind the reform of judiciary, the manner of its introducing and also other elements that influence the current perception of rule of law in Poland have recently become a topic of three plenary debates of the European Parliament. As a result, it was decided that a report on Poland would be prepared, which can offer the basis of applying Article 7, which means disciplining and punishing states that violate the European values. This has exacerbated the political atmosphere in Poland and, first of all, has affected the political debate going on in the country. It is starting to take a more and more brutal form and is characterized by a heavy load of colloquialism, negativ…

Fiscal visibility in the U.S. and the European Union

2001

The symbolic representation of Europe from the Conservatives' point of view

2021

International audience; The symbolic representation of Europe from the Conservatives’ point of view“Parliament matters” Norton once wrote. It does indeed, parliamentary debates involve agenda-setting, opinion-building, decision-making affecting the political, social and cultural spheres of the country. The confrontational nature of those debates is the opportunity for parties and leaders to impose their views by persuading the public that their policy on big issues is the most efficient. Europe has been one of those significant issue ; landmark events in the construction of Europe have been passionately and lengthily discussed in Parliament : the Maastricht Treaty, the single currency, the …

Local Extinction of Dragonfly and Damselfly Populations in Low- and High-Quality Habitat Patches

2010

Understanding the risk of extinction of a single population is an important problem in both theoretical and applied ecology. Local extinction risk depends on several factors, including population size, demographic or environmental stochasticity, natural catastrophe, or the loss of genetic diversity. The probability of local extinction may also be higher in low-quality sink habitats than in high-quality source habitats. We tested this hypothesis by comparing local extinction rates of 15 species of Odonata (dragonflies and damselflies) between 1930-1975 and 1995-2003 in central Finland. Local extinction rates were higher in low-quality than in high-quality habitats. Nevertheless, for the thre…

The entrepreneurial logic of startup software development : A study of 40 software startups

2021

Context: Software startups are an essential source of innovation and software-intensive products. The need to understand product development in startups and to provide relevant support are highlighted in software research. While state-of-the-art literature reveals how startups develop their software, the reasons why they adopt these activities are underexplored. Objective: This study investigates the tactics behind software engineering (SE) activities by analyzing key engineering events during startup journeys. We explore how entrepreneurial mindsets may be associated with SE knowledge areas and with each startup case. Method: Our theoretical foundation is based on causation and effectuatio…

Conceptual framework and measurement: A survey on the international debate

2015

In response to the ‘2011 Agenda Consultation’, the IASB launched in July 2013 a call for a new Discussion Paper on the ‘Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting’. This article aims to offer a contribution to the debate on the effectiveness of the theme of ‘Measurement’, by investigating the use of the current evaluation models in the literature and practice of Financial Reporting. The article proposes at first a historical survey both of the international debate on Fair Value Accounting vs. Historical Cost Accounting and of the Italian theories on the valuation. Later the paper proposes some considerations about the key questions related to Measurement and the possible policy implicatio…

Multi-Agent Financial Network (MAFN) Model of US Collateralized Debt Obligations (CDO)

2014

A database driven multi-agent model has been developed with automated access to US bank level FDIC Call Reports that yield data on balance sheet and off balance sheet activity, respectively, in Residential Mortgage Backed Securities (RMBS) and Credit Default Swaps (CDS). The simultaneous accumulation of RMBS assets on US banks’ balance sheets and also large counterparty exposures from CDS positions characterized the $2 trillion Collateralized Debt Obligation (CDO) market. The latter imploded at the end of 2007 with large scale systemic risk consequences. Based on US FDIC bank data, that could have been available to the regulator at the time, the authors investigate how a CDS negative carry …

International Debt Financing and Performance of Microfinance Institutions

2013

Using data from 319 microfinance institutions (MFIs) in 68 developing countries, we study the degree to which international debt investments are related to the financial and social performances of MFIs. We find that commercial investments are mainly related to financial performance and level of professionalisation of the MFIs. The targeting of women is not a priority, even though international commercial investors target MFIs that provide small loans. Subsidised investments, however, are mainly driven by the targeting of women, while financial performance and the level of professionalisation of the MFI is not a priority.

Absorption of European Funds by Romania

2014

Abstract The European Union provides financial support to all Member States through structural instruments (Structural Funds) and the Fund for Agriculture. Nationally, each Member State has to set up operational programs (SOP) in accordance with European requirements to access the available money. In the current multiannual financial exercise there are 7 SOP, plus the agriculture program. The absorption level of European funds for the current financial period - 2007-2013 - is low for several reasons: lack of strategic vision for programming development, poor quality of projects, excessive bureaucracy, lack of optimization of financial flows etc. For the upcoming 2014-2020 financial programm…

Public-Private Partnerships: Agency Costs in the Privatization of Social Infrastructure Financing

2019

Public-private partnerships (PPPs) have been subjected to considerable public debate. In particular, this debate has concerned PPP financing and its implications. Using insights from agency theory, this study aims to develop a theoretical understanding of PPP financing. The following research question is investigated: How does the privatization of financing decrease or increase agency costs in social infrastructure PPPs? A comparative case study consisting of four Norwegian PPP projects with different financial configurations is undertaken. The findings suggest that the private sector is risk averse, increasing the cost of capital. In addition, private financing does not seem to have the i…