Search results for " DEP"
showing 10 items of 5568 documents
Association between muscular strength and cognition in people with major depression or bipolar disorder and healthy controls
2018
Importance Objective physical fitness measures, such as handgrip strength, are associated with physical, mental, and cognitive outcomes in the general population. Although people with mental illness experience reduced physical fitness and cognitive impairment, the association between muscular strength and cognition has not been examined to date. Objective To determine associations between maximal handgrip strength and cognitive performance in people with major depression or bipolar disorder and in healthy controls. Design, Setting, and Participants In a multicenter, population-based study conducted between February 13, 2005, and October 1, 2010, in the United Kingdom, cross-sectional analys…
Acute Alcohol Effects on Neuronal and Attentional Processing: Striatal Reward System and Inhibitory Sensory Interactions under Acute Ethanol Challenge
2004
The acute influence of ethanol on cerebral activity induces complex psycho-physiological effects that are considerably more pronounced during acute ethanol influx than during maximal blood alcohol concentration (elimination phase). Despite the psychiatric and forensic relevance of these different ethanol effects, the underlying neuronal mechanisms are still unclear. In total, 20 male healthy volunteers were investigated each with three different experimental conditions in a randomized order using an intravenous ethanol challenge (40 g bolus infusion): during influx phase, elimination phase, and under placebo condition. During and after the ethanol (or placebo) infusion, neuropsychological t…
Cognitive and Motor Loops of the Human Cerebro-cerebellar System
2010
Abstract We applied fMRI and diffusion-weighted MRI to study the segregation of cognitive and motor functions in the human cerebro-cerebellar system. Our fMRI results show that a load increase in a nonverbal auditory working memory task is associated with enhanced brain activity in the parietal, dorsal premotor, and lateral prefrontal cortices and in lobules VII–VIII of the posterior cerebellum, whereas a sensory-motor control task activated the motor/somatosensory, medial prefrontal, and posterior cingulate cortices and lobules V/VI of the anterior cerebellum. The load-dependent activity in the crus I/II had a specific relationship with cognitive performance: This activity correlated negat…
Altered benzodiazepine receptor sensitivity in alcoholism: a study with fMRI and acute lorazepam challenge.
2007
Previous studies suggested altered sensitivity of the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor system in alcoholic patients. Expanding on these findings, the present functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study aimed to assess whether a differential modulation of cognitive brain activation by an acute GABAergic drug challenge could be detected in patients with alcoholism. Eight detoxified male patients meeting DSM-IV criteria for alcohol dependence and nine healthy male control subjects were studied with fMRI while performing a 2-back working memory task. The fMRI scans were performed 1 h after intravenous administration of saline and again 1 h after 0.03 mg/kg lorazepam I.V. After saline, a task…
Decision making in a presumptive case of STEMI-like myocarditis
2015
In youngmales, differential diagnosis during chest pain is not always easy. When ECG findings suggest a cardiac origin of such symptoms, myo-pericarditis is usually themost likely hypothesis, beingmore common than Acute Coronary Syndromes (ACS) in the first decades of life [1]. In the presence of ST segment elevation, Troponin release and ventricular wall motion abnormalities, the diagnosis can be challenging, though. In the young a lowcoronary risk profile and atypical symptoms seldom support a working diagnosis of Coronary Heart Disease (CHD), and, therefore, urgent coronary angiography is not recommended routinely, although cases of early ACS are not so rare. In October 2014 a 26-year-ol…
Development and validation of a reliable method for studying the distribution pattern for opiates metabolites in brain
2012
Abstract Brain distribution pattern of “street” heroin metabolites (morphine and codeine) was investigated in two fatalities due to “acute narcotism”. A suitable sample pretreatment prior to solid-phase-extraction was developed to achieve a good recovery of the analytes and to eliminate the interfering species. After derivatization with MSTFA, samples were analyzed by GC/MS. Specificity, accuracy, precision and linearity of the method were evaluated; LOD and LOQ were, respectively, 10 ng/25 ng for morphine and 5 ng/10 ng for codeine. This method was applied to the analysis of six brain areas (hippocampus, frontal lobe, occipital lobe, nuclei, bulb and pons) coming from two cases of heroin-r…
Spontaneous brain activity and EEG microstates. A novel EEG/fMRI analysis approach to explore resting-state networks.
2009
The brain is active even in the absence of explicit input or output as demonstrated from electrophysiological as well as imaging studies. Using a combined approach we measured spontaneous fluctuations in the blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal along with electroencephalography (EEG) in eleven healthy subjects during relaxed wakefulness (eyes closed). In contrast to other studies which used the EEG frequency information to guide the functional MRI (fMRI) analysis, we opted for transient EEG events, which identify and quantify brain electric microstates as time epochs with quasi-stable field topography. We then used this microstate information as regressors for the BOLD fluctuations. S…
New perspectives on the manipulation of opiate urges and the assessment of cognitive effort associated with opiate urges
2000
Behavioral models of drug urges assume that conditioned urges are strongly associated with drug consumption. An alternative, cognitive model assumes that urges represent the operation of cognitively demanding processes devoted to either supporting or blocking the automatized drug-use behavior. In Study 1, the effect of verbal drug cues and mood induction on self-reported opiate urges were examined. Twenty-four opiate addicts were either instructed to listen to verbal drug cures or neutral cues. Negative mood induction was applied on 12 addicts. Study 2 examined the cognitive processes underlying these urges. In a dual task paradigm, participants responded to a probe stimulus and listened si…
A meta-analysis of cognitive performance in melancholic versus non-melancholic unipolar depression
2016
Abstract Background Recently there is increasing recognition of cognitive dysfunction as a core feature of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). The goal of the current meta-analysis was to review and examine in detail the specific features of cognitive dysfunction in Melancholic (MEL) versus Non-Melancholic (NMEL) MDD. Methods An electronic literature search was performed to find studies comparing cognitive performance in MEL versus NMEL. A meta-analysis of broad cognitive domains ( processing speed , reasoning/problem solving , verbal learning , visual learning , attention/working memory ) was conducted on all included studies (n=9). Sensitivity and meta-regression analyses were also conducted…
Myopia and Cognitive Performance: Results From the Gutenberg Health Study.
2016
Purpose To analyze the association between myopia and cognitive performance. Methods A cohort of the population-based Gutenberg Health Study included 3819 eligible enrollees between 40 and 79 years. We used the Tower of London (TOL) test to assess cognitive performance. Myopia was defined as a spherical equivalent (SE) ≤ -0.5 diopters (D) via noncycloplegic autorefractometry. We conducted linear mixed models with the SE as the dependent variable and the age, sex, duration of education, and TOL score as covariates. Results Complete data were available for 3452 participants (90.4%). The mean TOL score was 14.0 ± 3.9 in the myopes versus 12.9 ± 4.0 in the nonmyopes (P < 0.001). The mean TOL sc…