Search results for " DEP"
showing 10 items of 5568 documents
Interictal Hyperperfusion in the Higher Visual Cortex in Patients With Episodic Migraine.
2019
Background Migraine pathophysiology is complex and probably involves cortical and subcortical alterations. Structural and functional brain imaging studies indicate alterations in the higher order visual cortex in patients with migraine. Arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging (ASL-MRI) is a non-invasive imaging method for assessing changes in cerebral blood flow (CBF) in vivo. Objective To examine if interictal CBF differs between patients with episodic migraine (EM) with or without aura and healthy controls (HC). Methods We assessed interictal CBF using 2D pseudo-continuous ASL-MRI on a 3 Tesla Philips scanner (University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland) in EM (N = 17, mean age 32.7…
Clinical and psychopathological features associated with treatment-emergent mania in bipolar-II depressed outpatients exposed to antidepressants
2018
Abstract Background Treatment-emergent affective switch (TEAS), including treatment-emergent mania (TEM), carry significant burden in the clinical management of bipolar depression, whereas the use of antidepressants raises both efficacy, safety and tolerability concerns. The present study assesses the prevalence and clinical correlates of TEM in selected sample of Bipolar Disorder (BD) Type-II (BD-II) acute depression outpatients. Methods Post-hoc analysis of the clinical and psychopathological features associated with TEM among 91 BD-II depressed outpatients exposed to antidepressants. Results Second-generation antipsychotics (SGA) (p = .005), lithium (≤ .001), cyclothymic/irritable/hypert…
Lifetime cocaine use is a potential predictor for conversion from major depressive disorder to bipolar disorder: A prospective study.
2020
Aim We aimed to identify whether lifetime cocaine use is a risk factor for conversion from major depressive disorder (MDD) to bipolar disorder (BD) in an outpatient sample of adults. Methods This prospective cohort study included 585 subjects aged 18 to 60 years who had been diagnosed with MDD as assessed by the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI-Plus) at baseline (2012-2015). Subjects were reassessed a mean of 3 years later (2017-2018) for potential conversion to BD as assessed by the MINI-Plus. Lifetime cocaine use was assessed using the Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test. Results In the second wave, we had 117 (20%) losses, and 468 patients were r…
Recurrent brief depression in general practice. Clinical features, comorbidity with other disorders, and need for treatment.
1994
This study tested the clinical validity of the new diagnostic entity "recurrent brief depression" (RBD) in 300 general practice patients who participated in the WHO study on "Psychological Problems in Primary Care." Patients with current RBD reported of episodes major depression more often than did a comparison group of nondepressed general practice patients: however, the majority of RBD patients had not received a diagnostic of any well-established affective disorder during the last 12 months. RBD patients (without MDE) did not suffer more frequently from dysthymia, from nonaffective psychiatric disorders, or from somatic disorders. However, RBD was associated with a higher percentage of p…
Treatment nonadherence and neurocognitive impairment in bipolar disorder.
2009
OBJECTIVE: Little is known regarding the relationship between treatment adherence and residual cognitive dysfunction in euthymic bipolar disorder patients. This study aimed to investigate whether poor treatment adherence is associated with cognitive impairment in euthymic bipolar patients and whether other factors may be associated with both adherence and cognitive functioning. METHOD: Euthymic DSM-IV bipolar I or II disorder patients (N = 103: 61 with high levels of treatment adherence and 42 with poor treatment adherence) were assessed using a neuropsychological battery targeting attention, psychomotor speed, verbal memory, and executive functions and compared with 35 healthy controls of …
Opposite effects of suicidality and lithium on gray matter volumes in bipolar depression
2011
Background: Mood disorders are associated with the highest increase of attempted and completed suicide. Suicidality in major depressive disorder and in schizophrenia has been associated with reduced gray matter volumes in orbitofrontal cortex. Lithium reduces the suicide risk of patients with bipolar disorder (BD) to the same levels of the general population, and can increase GM volumes. We studied the effect of a positive history of attempted suicide and ongoing lithium treatment on regional GM volumes of patients affected by bipolar depression. Methods: With a correlational design, we studied 57 currently depressed inpatients with bipolar disorder: 19 with and 38 without a positive histor…
Structural brain correlates of IQ changes in bipolar disorder
2006
Background. There is increasing evidence that cognitive deficits are present in bipolar disorder (BP), but their neural correlates have not been fully explored. The aim of this study is to correlate structural brain abnormalities with cognitive performance in BP and to explore differences between clinical subtypes. Method. Thirty-six BP patients (13 men, 23 women) with a mean age of 39 years (range 21–63 years) underwent neuropsychological testing and imaging. Twenty-five patients had bipolar disorder I (BP I) and 11 had bipolar disorder II (BP II). Patients with co-morbid psychiatric diagnosis, drug and alcohol abuse or systemic illness were excluded. Correlations between cognitive perform…
Clinical responses to antidepressants among 1036 acutely depressed patients with bipolar or unipolar major affective disorders.
2012
Whether responses to antidepressants differ in bipolar and unipolar depression remains unresolved.We analyzed patient characteristics and outcomes of antidepressant treatment of 1036 depressed patients with bipolar-I or bipolar-II disorder, or unipolar major depression, using bivariate and multivariate methods and survival analysis, testing the hypothesis that responses would be superior in unipolar depression.Antidepressants were given to 84.8% (878/1036) of depressed patients: 58.9% of 93 bipolar-I, 80.1% of 117 bipolar-II, and 91.3% of 668 unipolar disorder cases. The 158 not given antidepressants had more manias/year, spent more months in mania and depression, and were far more likely t…
Predominant polarity and temperament in bipolar and unipolar affective disorders.
2009
Abstract Introduction Recently, the concept of predominant polarity (two-thirds of episodes belonging to a single pole of the illness) has been introduced to further characterise subtypes of bipolar disorders. This concept has been proven to have diagnostic and therapeutic implications, but little is known on the underlying psychopathology and temperaments. With this study, we aimed to further validate the concept and explore its relationships with temperament. Methods This study enrolled 143 patients with bipolar or unipolar disorder. We analysed predominant polarity in the sample of bipolar I patients (N = 124), focussing on those who showed a clear predominance for one or the other polar…
Bipolar I and Bipolar II Disorder: Cognition and Emotion Processing
2006
Background. Cognitive impairment may be part of the endophenotype of bipolar disorder (BP), but little is known about patterns and severity of impairment in BP subgroups and their relation to depression. The same applies to deficits in emotion processing known to be present in BP.Method. To explore the relationship between depression and impairment in cognition and emotion processing and the differences between BP subgroups, we assessed 36 (25 BP I and 11 BP II) patients using a cognitive battery and a facial emotion recognition task.Results. BP patients were impaired compared to published norms on memory, naming and executive measures (Binomial Single Proportion tests, p<0·05). Cognitiv…