Search results for " Damage"
showing 10 items of 1139 documents
Miarkowanie kary umownej w ramach powództwa o jej zwrot – glosa do wyroku Sądu Okręgowego w Olsztynie z 5.12.2018 r., IX Ca 758/18
2023
Komentowane orzeczenie dotyczy możliwości miarkowania kary umownej po tym, jak została ona zapłacona przez dłużnika z zastrzeżeniem zwrotu. Główny problem w sprawie stanowiło to, czy powód może skutecznie wystąpić z odrębnym powództwem o zwrot części zapłaconej już pozwanemu kary. Istota postępowania sprowadzała się do określenia formy i momentu wystąpienia przez dłużnika z żądaniem miarkowania kary umownej. Sąd zgodził się z tezą, że do miarkowania może dojść na skutek powództwa wytoczonego przez dłużnika. Natomiast przyjął kontrowersyjne stanowisko, które zostało poddane w niniejszej glosie krytyce, że do miarkowania nie może dojść po tym, jak kara została zapłacona
Considerations regarding the alleged association between Herbalife products and cases of hepatotoxicity: a rebuttal.
2014
We thank Dr. K Appelhans et al. for their comments [1] on our paper [2], published online first in April 2012. In our review, we aimed to draw the attention of physicians to the uncontrolled and increasingly alarming use of herbal products and dietary supplements in the general population. In fact, in Italy this phenomenon, though still limited, has rapidly increased over the last few years. Here, use of herbal medicine products has increased to 3.7 %, while in other countries consumption is higher, reaching 20 % in the UK, and 40 % in the USA. Young non-smoking women with a high level of education appear to be the most common consumers [3]. It seems that women use these products more than …
Proteinuria-Microalbuminuria in Renal Damage
2015
Proteinuria (P) usually results from an insult in the glomerular and/or tubular structures of the kidney. It has been considered a marker of risk not only to develop renal insufficiency but also to suffer cardiovascular events, based on prospective studies carried out in the general population as well as in diabetic and hypertensive patients [1]. In fact, proteinuria has been considered a strong marker of risk and an intermediate endpoint during treatment [2, 3].
Exercise effects on cardiovascular disease: from basic aspects to clinical evidence.
2021
Contains fulltext : 283453.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access) Cardiovascular (CV) disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of major morbidity and CVD- and all-cause mortality in most of the world. It is now clear that regular physical activity (PA) and exercise training (ET) induces a wide range of direct and indirect physiologic adaptations and pleiotropic benefits for human general and CV health. Generally, higher levels of PA, ET, and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) are correlated with reduced risk of CVD, including myocardial infarction, CVD-related death, and all-cause mortality. Although exact details regarding the ideal doses of ET, including resistance and, especially, aerobi…
Fibre break failure processes in unidirectional composites: evaluation of critical damage states
2016
Earlier work which successfully modelled the kinetics of fibre breakage in unidirectional composites under monotonic tensile loading has been extended to quantify the kinetics of fibre failure during both monotonic and sustained tensile loading. In both cases, failure was seen to occur when a critical density of large clusters (more than 16 fibres are broken within the representative volume element) of fibre breaks developed. However, in monotonic loading failure occurred very quickly after the first development of these large clusters, whereas under sustained loading the composite could accommodate greater levels of large clusters because of the lower applied load. This article is part of …
Sterigmatocystin: Occurrence, toxicity and molecular mechanisms of action – A review
2020
The mycotoxin sterigmatocystin (STE) is produced mainly by Aspergillus fungi. It has been reported to occur in grains and grain-based products, cheese, coffee, spices and beer. The STE is a known biogenic precursor of aflatoxin B1, sharing with it several structural and biological similarities. The STE has been shown to be hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic in animals and it has been classified as possible human carcinogen (group 2B) by IARC. The STE has been reported to cause a marked decrease in cell proliferation in different mammalian cells. Data available on literature suggest that the cellular mechanisms underlying STE-induced toxicity include the induction of oxidative stress, mitochondrial…
2013
Following traumatic brain injury (TBI) neuroinflammatory processes promote neuronal cell loss. Alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) is a neuropeptide with immunomodulatory properties, which may offer neuroprotection. Due to short half-life and pigmentary side-effects of α-MSH, the C-terminal tripeptide α-MSH(11–13) may be an anti-inflammatory alternative. The present study investigated the mRNA concentrations of the precursor hormone proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and of melanocortin receptors 1 and 4 (MC1R/MC4R) in naive mice and 15 min, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h after controlled cortical impact (CCI). Regulation of POMC and MC4R expression did not change after trauma, while MC1R levels incr…
Danno ambientale e risarcimento del danno all'immagine delle isole minori (parte prima)
2014
The contribution analyzes the elements of the damage to the image caused by environmental damage
Vesiupotusmenetelmien vaikutus fyysisestä kuormituksesta palautumiseen miehillä
2017
Johdanto. Palautuminen on tärkeää erityisesti urheilijoiden harjoittelun ja kilpailujen yhteydessä. Sitä tapahtuu harjoituksen tai kilpailun aikana, välittömästi harjoituksen tai kilpailun jälkeen ja pitkäkestoisena harjoitusten ja kilpailujen välillä. Erilaisia palautumismenetelmiä on lukuisia ja niistä tärkeimpiä ovat aktiiviset menetelmät kuten kevyt aerobinen kuormitus sekä liikkuvuusharjoitukset. Passiivisia menetelmiä ovat uni, ravinto (nesteytys), hieronta, fysioterapia, painemenetelmät, lämpömenetelmät ja kylmäkäsittely. Tämän tutkimuksen tarkoitus oli selvittää aktiivisen palautumisen jälkeen suoritettujen eri vesiupotusmenetelmien sekä pelkän aktiivisen palautumisen vaikutusta fyy…
Visual fields in a chloroquine treatment
2014
Purpose: In this study, we describe contrast sensitivity losses in the visual field of a patient affected by chloroquine toxicity, measured with stimuli favoring different visual mechanisms. We have compared these results with those of other, usual clinical tests. Methods: The vision of a patient who underwent ten years of chloroquine treatment was analyzed by a battery of clinical tests: visual acuity (VA), Amsler’s grid, Farnsworth–Munsell 100-hue test, spectral domain optical coherence tomography, multifocal electroretinogram (ERG), white-on-white and red-on-white Humphrey perimetries, chromatic and achromatic contrast sensitivity perimetry tests, and fluorescein angiography. Measurement…