Search results for " Difference"
showing 10 items of 1369 documents
Do Individual Effects Reflect Quantitative or Qualitative Differences in Cognition?
2021
Rouder and Haaf (2020) posed the important question if there are some individuals whose behavior is not in accordance with well-established experimental effects and whether these individual differences are quantitative or qualitative in nature. In our commentary, we discuss the distinction between quantitative and qualitative individual differences and between individual and average causal effects and come to the conclusion that this is not a new question, but in fact one that has already been discussed by Gordon W. Allport (1937) and Donald B. Rubin (1974, 1978). Moreover, we critically examine their proposed rule of thumb to collect about 100 trials per experimental condition to reliably …
High Order Extrapolation Techniques for WENO Finite-Difference Schemes Applied to NACA Airfoil Profiles
2017
Finite-difference WENO schemes are capable of approximating accurately and efficiently weak solutions of hyperbolic conservation laws. In this context high order numerical boundary conditions have been proven to increase significantly the resolution of the numerical solutions. In this paper a finite-difference WENO scheme is combined with a high order boundary extrapolation technique at ghost cells to solve problems involving NACA airfoil profiles. The results obtained are comparable with those obtained through other techniques involving unstructured meshes.
Flux-gradient and source-term balancing for certain high resolution shock-capturing schemes
2009
Abstract We present an extension of Marquina’s flux formula, as introduced in Fedkiw et al. [Fedkiw RP, Merriman B, Donat R, Osher S. The penultimate scheme for systems of conservation laws: finite difference ENO with Marquina’s flux splitting. In: Hafez M, editor. Progress in numerical solutions of partial differential equations, Arcachon, France; July 1998], for the shallow water system. We show that the use of two different Jacobians at cell interfaces prevents the scheme from satisfying the exact C -property [Bermudez A, Vazquez ME. Upwind methods for hyperbolic conservation laws with source terms. Comput Fluids 1994;23(8):1049–71] while the approximate C -property is satisfied for high…
Long-range cohesive interactions of non-local continuum faced by fractional calculus
2008
Abstract A non-local continuum model including long-range forces between non-adjacent volume elements has been studied in this paper. The proposed continuum model has been obtained as limit case of two fully equivalent mechanical models: (i) A volume element model including contact forces between adjacent volumes as well as long-range interactions, distance decaying, between non-adjacent elements. (ii) A discrete point-spring model with local springs between adjacent points and non-local springs with distance-decaying stiffness connecting non-adjacent points. Under the assumption of fractional distance-decaying interactions between non-adjacent elements a fractional differential equation in…
Survey on energy drink consumption among the adult population in sicily: Do new drinking habits associate with the risk of alcoholism in the Crib of …
2017
Background: The market for and the level of energy drinks (EDs) consumption are increasing every year, and while only a few have a comprehensive knowledge about the potential harmful physiological and psychological effects of EDs, the number of publications that have documented the potential adverse risks associated with the use of these beverages remains small. Objectives: The present study aim to evaluate the prevalence of EDs consumers among the adult population and to verify the factors associated with its consumption and onset of adverse events. Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) semi-structured questionnaire, …
The diagnosis and management of gastric cancer: Expert discussion and recommendations from the 12th ESMO/World Congress on Gastrointestinal Cancer, B…
2011
Well-recognized experts in the field of gastric cancer discussed during the 12th European Society Medical Oncology (ESMO)/World Congress Gastrointestinal Cancer (WCGIC) in Barcelona many important and controversial topics on the diagnosis and management of patients with gastric cancer. This article summarizes the recommendations and expert opinion on gastric cancer. It discusses and reflects on the regional differences in the incidence and care of gastric cancer, the definition of gastro-esophageal junction and its implication for treatment strategies and presents the latest recommendations in the staging and treatment of primary and metastatic gastric cancer. Recognition is given to the ne…
Hilbert-Huang versus Morlet wavelet transformation on mismatch negativity of children in uninterrupted sound paradigm
2008
Background Compared to the waveform or spectrum analysis of event-related potentials (ERPs), time-frequency representation (TFR) has the advantage of revealing the ERPs time and frequency domain information simultaneously. As the human brain could be modeled as a complicated nonlinear system, it is interesting from the view of psychological knowledge to study the performance of the nonlinear and linear time-frequency representation methods for ERP research. In this study Hilbert-Huang transformation (HHT) and Morlet wavelet transformation (MWT) were performed on mismatch negativity (MMN) of children. Participants were 102 children aged 8–16 years. MMN was elicited in a passive oddball parad…
Time-harmonic solution for acousto-elastic interaction with controllability and spectral elements
2010
The classical way of solving the time-harmonic linear acousto-elastic wave problem is to discretize the equations with finite elements or finite differences. This approach leads to large-scale indefinite complex-valued linear systems. For these kinds of systems, it is difficult to construct efficient iterative solution methods. That is why we use an alternative approach and solve the time-harmonic problem by controlling the solution of the corresponding time dependent wave equation. In this paper, we use an unsymmetric formulation, where fluid-structure interaction is modeled as a coupling between pressure and displacement. The coupled problem is discretized in space domain with spectral el…
EXPERIMENTAL VALIDATION OF A FINITE DIFFERENCES TROMBE WALL MODEL
1983
ABSTRACT The paper describes a finite differences Trombe wall model validation, based on experimental data recorded at a passive systems test station in Central Italy. The computer code has been checked step by step, due to the different reliability of the data and to the various algorithms used in the code. Thus, cloudy and clear nights with no thermocirculation were simulated and compared with experimental data, then evening hours with thermocirculation, but no sun and, finally, a full day was simulated and compared. Some inaccuracy has been found in the simulation of wind effect on outer glass convective heat transfer coefficient. The code, however, has been found to provide data in reas…
Generalization of a finite-difference numerical method for the steady-state and transient solutions of the nernst—planck flux equations
1985
Abstract A generalization of the numerical method of Brumleve and Buck for the solution of Nernst—Planck equations when convective flux and electric current are involved has been developed. The simulation procedure was applied to a specific case: transport of strong electrolytes in a wide-pore membrane with simultaneous diffusion, convection and electric current. Good agreement was found between experimental data and computed results.