Search results for " Direct"
showing 10 items of 943 documents
Like it or not? How the economic and institutional environment shapes individual attitudes towards multinational enterprises
2018
The integration of goods and factor markets has affected the lives of individuals all over the world. While some agents have reaped enormous benefits from this process, others have lost in terms of income and welfare. It is usually argued that individuals are aware of the distributional effects of globalization, and that this knowledge shapes their preferences over various policy issues such as protection, financial market regulation etc. In this chapter, we use a large surveybased data set to explore whether this conjecture is correct when it comes to individuals’ attitudes towards multinational enterprises (MNEs).
Los emprendedores surgidos de las empresas multinacionales de inversión extranjera directa: un estudio exploratorio en Costa Rica
2014
ResumenEl presente trabajo busca evaluar la creación de empresas por parte de exempleados de empresas multinacionales de inversión extranjera directa. En concreto, se busca dimensionar el fenómeno, caracterizarlo, así como valorar el desempeño de las empresas creadas. El estudio se hizo mediante un muestreo aleatorio simple con margen de error del 7% y nivel de confianza del 95%, sobre una base de datos de 11.120 exempleados de empresas multinacionales en Costa Rica (n=175). Además se utilizó un grupo control ad hoc. Los resultados muestran cómo son estos emprendedores, el proceso creador experimentado, las características y el desempeño de las nuevas empresas.AbstractThe aim of this invest…
Feedback Classification and Optimal Control with Applications to the Controlled Lotka-Volterra Model
2023
Let M be a σ-compact C^∞ manifold of dimension n ≥ 2 and consider a single-input control system: ẋ(t) = X (x(t)) + u(t) Y (x(t)), where X , Y are C^∞ vector fields on M. We prove that there exist an open set of pairs (X , Y ) for the C^∞ –Whitney topology such that they admit singular abnormal rays so that the spectrum of the projective singular Hamiltonian dynamics is feedback invariant. It is applied to controlled Lotka–Volterra dynamics where such rays are related to shifted equilibria of the free dynamics.
Pulse trains produced by phase-modulation of ultrashort optical pulses: tailoring and characterization
2009
1094-4087; In this paper, creation of pulse doublets and pulse trains by spectral phase modulation of ultrashort optical pulses is investigated. Pulse doublets with specific features are generated through step-like and triangular spectral phase modulation, whereas sequences of pulses with controllable delay and amplitude are produced via sinusoidal phase modulations. A temporal analysis of this type of tailored pulses is exposed and a complete characterization with the SPIDER technique (Spectral Phase Interferometry for Direct Electric-field Reconstruction) is presented. (C) 2004 Optical Society of America.
Observation of Photon Polarization in theb→sγTransition
2014
This Letter presents a study of the flavor-changing neutral current radiative $B^{\pm} \to K^{\pm}\pi^{\mp}\pi^{\pm}\gamma$ decays performed using data collected in proton-proton collisions with the LHCb detector at $7$ and $8\,$TeV center-of-mass energies. In this sample, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $3\,\text{fb}^{-1}$, nearly $14\,000$ signal events are reconstructed and selected, containing all possible intermediate resonances with a $K^{\pm}\pi^{\mp}\pi^{\pm}$ final state in the $[1.1, 1.9]\,$GeV/$c^{2}$ mass range. The distribution of the angle of the photon direction with respect to the plane defined by the final-state hadrons in their rest frame is studied in interva…
(When) Should We Use Foreign Direct Investment Data to Measure the Activities of Multinational Corporations? Theory and Evidence
2016
This paper reviews the different concepts of measuring activities of multinational corporations. It aims at working out the economic relationships that theoretically exist between these measures under general economic assumptions and then empirically investigates to which extent such relationships exist in the data. As a main conclusion, foreign direct investment (FDI) stock data is indeed a good proxy for measuring most real economic activities of multinational firms. Discrepancies between FDI stock and other data can to a large extent be given a reasonable economic meaning, but observed asset-to-employment patterns in multinational production also call for more thorough future research.
Alternative Investment Fund Managers Directive and its Impact on Malta’s Financial Service Industry
2016
The introduction of the Directive on Alternative Investment Fund Managers (AIFM Directive 2011/61/EU) in 2013 means a radical transformation of the EU regulatory landscape for the whole alternative investment fund industry. Taking into account the growing meaning of the alternative investment fund industry in Europe, the aim of the paper is to assess the impact the Directive on Alternative Investment Fund Managers (AIFMD) will have on the Alternative Investment Fund Managers (AIFMs) managing Alternative Investment Funds (AIFs) in the EU. The research is based on the case of Malta, which is a quickly growing financial centre. The main findings are based on an analysis of questionnaire respon…
Financial Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment
2008
We argue that mainstream FDI theory underplays financial motivations for international investment, and suggest several possible channels for a distinct cost-of-capital effect on FDI. Using a sample of European firms' cross-border acquisitions, and controlling for traditional firm-level determinants of FDI, we find strong evidence in favor of a cost-of-equity effect, whereas the effect of debt costs is indeterminate. We further find that financial determinants are more important for firms originating in relatively less financially developed countries and for firms with high knowledge intensity.
Direct Compensation and Risk Management: A Key Study from the Insurance Sector
2019
This paper examines the business model of an Italian company (TIS) that manage the claims for non-life insurance companies with innovative solutions. When a policy-holder make a claim for a loss or damage, the insurer may decide either to repair, rebuild or replace the property or to offer a cash settlement. To provide these services, many insurance companies have started developing strategic relationships directly with building firms, repairers, specialist suppliers and project managers, in order to find reliable contractors that will repair or replace the policy holder’s property quickly, with high quality and at a low cost. Opposite to other EU Countries, in Italy many insurance companie…
Homeward Bound FDI: Are Migrants a Bridge over Trouble Finance?
2016
Migrants can lower cross-border investment barriers, help investors by providing information about their homeland and reduce transaction costs by sharing expertise on regulations, customs and procedures. In addition to generating these well-known networking effects, migrants can also provide valuable information about local finance, thereby easing the credit constraints foreign investors faced during the 2007 financial crisis. This paper sheds new light on the underlying mechanisms through which migration may affect foreign investment in the migrant's homeland by distinguishing between the effects on FDI's intensive and extensive margins. Gravity estimates for 140 countries for the period 2…