Search results for " Direct"

Characterization of the atmospheric muon flux in IceCube

2015

Muons produced in atmospheric cosmic ray showers account for the by far dominant part of the event yield in large-volume underground particle detectors. The IceCube detector, with an instrumented volume of about a cubic kilometer, has the potential to conduct unique investigations on atmospheric muons by exploiting the large collection area and the possibility to track particles over a long distance. Through detailed reconstruction of energy deposition along the tracks, the characteristics of muon bundles can be quantified, and individual particles of exceptionally high energy identified. The data can then be used to constrain the cosmic ray primary flux and the contribution to atmospheric …

A proposal for the analysis of price escalation within water tariffs: The impact of the Water Framework Directive in Spain

2017

During the last few decades, numerous international organizations have emphasized the role of pricing policy as a tool to achieve objectives of efficiency, environmental sustainability, and cost-recovery in the management of water resources. Incorporating a certain level of price escalation within water tariffs by adopting increasing block rates is commonly advocated as a key element for controlling water demand and fulfilling these objectives. However, despite its widespread use, there exists no established procedure to measure the levels of price escalation embodied in water tariffs. We propose a measure of price escalation within water tariffs at the level of the water supply management…

Economic, Social and Welfare Issues

2015

In late 2008 the three Baltic states were thrust into the heart of an intensely polarising international public debate on strategies to tackle the growing global economic crisis. The previous four years, following accession to the European Union (EU) in 2004, had witnessed rapid economic growth across the region, indeed the three recorded the highest GDP growth in the EU. Banks eased lending restrictions, foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows surged and Baltic businesses and consumers binged on cheap, readily available credit. Hubristic politicians increasingly talked of the inevitability of economic convergence with Western Europe. However, a gradual slowdown from late 2007 declined into…

Minimally Invasive Direct Coronary Artery Bypass (MIDCAB) via Inferior Sternotomy: A “Gold Standard” Therapy for Single LAD Muscle Bridging?

2017

Universal differentiability sets and maximal directional derivatives in Carnot groups

2019

We show that every Carnot group G of step 2 admits a Hausdorff dimension one `universal differentiability set' N such that every real-valued Lipschitz map on G is Pansu differentiable at some point of N. This relies on the fact that existence of a maximal directional derivative of f at a point x implies Pansu differentiability at the same point x. We show that such an implication holds in Carnot groups of step 2 but fails in the Engel group which has step 3.

Receiving water quality assessment: comparison between simplified and detailed integrated urban modelling approaches

2010

Urban water quality management often requires use of numerical models allowing the evaluation of the cause–effect relationship between the input(s) (i.e. rainfall, pollutant concentrations on catchment surface and in sewer system) and the resulting water quality response. The conventional approach to the system (i.e. sewer system, wastewater treatment plant and receiving water body), considering each component separately, does not enable optimisation of the whole system. However, recent gains in understanding and modelling make it possible to represent the system as a whole and optimise its overall performance. Indeed, integrated urban drainage modelling is of growing interest for tools to …

Effect of host plant quality on male sexual performances and consequences on female reproductive output in a phytophagous moth

2016

The abundance of phytophagous insects is determined by numerous interacting biotic and abiotic factors. In capital-breeding phytophagous insects, larval host plant quality is a key determinant of the adult phenotype and the performance of both males and females. Curiously, if the effect of host plant quality on female reproductive success is well-established, little effort has been conducted to determine this effect on male reproductive success. Moreover, in Lepidoptera, males transfer to females a spermatophore containing sperm and accessory gland products rich in nutrients that could be reinvested into female reproduction. The aim of this thesis was to evaluate how male larval nutrition o…

Inclusive dijet photoproduction in ultraperipheral heavy ion collisions at the CERN Large Hadron Collider in next-to-leading order QCD

2019

We compute the cross section of inclusive dijet photoproduction in ultraperipheral Pb-Pb collisions at the CERN Large Hadron Collider using next-to-leading order perturbative QCD. We demonstrate that our theoretical calculations provide a good description of various kinematic distributions measured by the ATLAS Collaboration. We find that the calculated dijet photoproduction cross section is sensitive to nuclear modifications of parton distribution functions (PDFs) at the level of 10% to 20%. Hence, this process can be used to reduce uncertainties in the determination of these nuclear PDFs, whose current magnitude is comparable to the size of the calculated nuclear modifications of the dije…

A$_{FB}$ in the SMEFT: precision Z physics at the LHC

2021

We study the forward-backward asymmetry $A_{FB}$ in $pp \to \ell^+\ell^-$ at the Z peak within the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT). We find that this observable provides per mille level constraints on the vertex corrections of the Z boson to quarks,which close a flat direction in the electroweak precision SMEFT fit. Moreover, we show that current $A_{FB}$ data is precise enough so that its inclusion in the fit improves significantly LEP bounds even in simple New Physics setups. This demonstrates that the LHC can compete with and complement LEP when it comes to precision measurements of the Z boson properties

On the rigidity of back-to-back top quark pairs in e^+e^- annihilation

1998

We consider the effect of gluon radiation on the energy of top/antitop quarks and on the anticollinearity of top-antitop quark pairs produced in $e^+e^-$ annihilation. Our results are presented in terms of the $E_q$-dependence of the $t\bar tg$ cross section and the dependence on the cosine of the opening angle $\theta_{12}$ between top and antitop for a center of mass energy of $\sqrt{q^2}=500 GeV$. We then go on to determine mean values for the top quark's energy as well as its longitudinal and transverse projections, and for the deviation of $\sin\theta_{12}$ and $\cos\theta_{12}$ from the anticollinearity limits $\sin\theta_{12}=0$ and $\cos\theta_{12}=-1$. For a center of mass energy o…