Search results for " Disparities"
showing 10 items of 105 documents
: Disparités sociales en éducation en Afrique sub-saharienne : Genre, localisation géographique et revenu du ménage
2006
06018http://www.u-bourgogne.fr/colloque-iredu/posterscom/communications/Mingat.pdf; In this paper we have two complementary objectives: the first consists in proposing a description of the magnitude of social disparities that exist in the systems of education of Sub-Saharan African countries; we focus on recent data but we put also these data in a time perspective. The second objective aims at identifying some of the factors that may explain these disparities or the impact of the actions targeted to their reduction.
Analyse spatiale des disparités régionales dans l'Europe élargie
2004
The aim of this paper is to study the regional inequalities in the enlarged European Union using Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis applied to per capita GDP for 258 regions of EU27 over the period 1995-2000. Strong evidence in favor of global and local autocorrelation as well as spatial heterogeneity is found for the wealth distribution. We also show that the enlargement process leads to a new North-West - East polarization scheme instead of the previous results obtained in the literature highlighting a North-South polarization scheme. Implications for regional development and cohesion policies are finally explored.
How Are Adolescents Sleeping? Adolescent Sleep Patterns and Sociodemographic Differences in 24 European and North American Countries
2020
© 2020 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Mapping inequalities in exclusive breastfeeding in low- and middle-income countries, 2000-2018
2021
Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF)—giving infants only breast-milk for the first 6 months of life—is a component of optimal breastfeeding practices effective in preventing child morbidity and mortality. EBF practices are known to vary by population and comparable subnational estimates of prevalence and progress across low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are required for planning policy and interventions. Here we present a geospatial analysis of EBF prevalence estimates from 2000 to 2018 across 94 LMICs mapped to policy-relevant administrative units (for example, districts), quantify subnational inequalities and their changes over time, and estimate probabilities of meeting the World Health …
Mapping geographical inequalities in oral rehydration therapy coverage in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000-17
2020
Background: Oral rehydration solution (ORS) is a form of oral rehydration therapy (ORT) for diarrhoea that has the potential to drastically reduce child mortality; yet, according to UNICEF estimates, less than half of children younger than 5 years with diarrhoea in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) received ORS in 2016. A variety of recommended home fluids (RHF) exist as alternative forms of ORT; however, it is unclear whether RHF prevent child mortality. Previous studies have shown considerable variation between countries in ORS and RHF use, but subnational variation is unknown. This study aims to produce high-resolution geospatial estimates of relative and absolute coverage o…
Regional Disparities in Consumption Behaviour: Italian Households in Time of Crisis
2016
The relevant fact of the severe downturn due to the Great Recession is that declining consumer spending. The extent of the cutbacks in consumption expenditures differs among regions and also the distribution pattern across households differs. This paper examines how the 2008-9 crisis affected regional disparities in household consumption behaviour by analysing the distribution of the real total expenditure. Specifically, a mixture of regression models is used to explore the heterogeneity in total expenditure across regions and households by identifying groups of families with similar consumption behaviour as a function of certain socio-demographic and economic factors. The empirical analysi…
Technical efficiency and regional disparities in Italy
2019
This paper is a contribution to the literature on Italy's regional disparities with a focus on the nature and determinants of firms' technical efficiency. Our analysis concerns a vast number of Italian firms for the decade 2008-2017 and considers the firms that are annually obliged to deposit their balance sheet. A frontier stochastic analysis is used as a method for estimating the technical efficiency of each firm. Our results offer a detailed representation on a provincial basis of disparity gaps. Moreover econometric analysis provides convincing evidence on the importance of territorial variables in the determinants of technical efficiency.
SAT-429 Systemic Safety Analysis of Mycophenolate in Graves’ Orbitopathy
2020
Abstract Context The dual antiproliferative mechanism of mycophenolate appears to be beneficial in Graves’ orbitopathy (GO). Methods The safety data, which is of utmost importance in immunomodulation, from the two major randomized mycophenolate trials [“Chinese trial” (1) and “European Group on Graves’ Orbitopathy (EUGOGO) trial” (2)] and the original database of the EUGOGO trial were systematically analyzed. Treatment efficacy stratified by individual visual parameters of clinical disease activity and severity were also compared. Results A total of 129 adverse events (AE) involving 50 patients (29.4%) were noted among all mycophenolate-treated patients. Mycophenolate sodium plus intravenou…
Effects of the Blair/Brown NHS Reforms on Socioeconomic Equity in Health Care
2012
The central objectives of the ‘Blair/Brown’ reforms of the English NHS in the 2000s were to reduce hospital waiting times and improve the quality of care. However, critics raised concerns that the choice and competition elements of reform might undermine socioeconomic equity in health care. By contrast, the architects of reform predicted that accelerated growth in NHS spending combined with increased patient choice of hospital would enhance equity for poorer patients. This paper draws together and discusses the findings of three large-scale national studies designed to shed empirical light on this issue. Study one developed methods for monitoring change in neighbourhood level socioeconomic…
Patterns of inter- and intra-regional differences in human capital and earnings : Evidence from Finland and Sweden 1987–2015
2021
In this paper, we examine the long-term patterns of geographical disparities in human capital and income in Finland and Sweden over the period 1987–2015. Using nationwide longitudinal population register data, we analyze disparities at different spatial scales, between and within functional labor market regions determined by observed travel-to-work patterns. Contrary to the findings from many other developed economies indicating inter-regional divergence in per capita income, we find indications of inter-regional convergence in per capita earnings among the functional labor market regions in both countries after 2000. However, small, and peripheral regions have not recovered from the macroe…