Search results for " Drug"

showing 10 items of 3138 documents

Efficacy and tolerability of switching to a dual therapy with darunavir/ritonavir plus raltegravir in HIV-infected patients with HIV-1 RNA ≤50 cp/…

2017

Background: Nucleos(t)ide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) toxicity may represent a threat for long-term success of combined antiretroviral therapy. Some studies have suggested a possible improvement of NRTI-related toxicity after switching to NRTI-sparing regimens. Objectives: We aimed to explore the efficacy and tolerability of switching to darunavir/ritonavir (DRV/r) plus raltegravir (RAL) while having a viral load (VL) ≤50 copies/mL in the clinical setting. Study design: Treatment-experienced HIV 1-infected patients enrolled in the ICONA Foundation Study cohort were included if they switched their current regimen to DRV/r + RAL with a HIV-RNA ≤50 copies/mL. Different defin…

0301 basic medicineMaleHIV InfectionsAntiretroviral therapy; Darunavir/ritonavir; Efficacy; NRTI-sparing regimen; Raltegravir; Tolerability; Microbiology (medical); Infectious DiseasesAntiretroviral therapy; Darunavir/ritonavir; Efficacy; NRTI-sparing regimen; Raltegravir; Tolerability; Adult; Anti-HIV Agents; Cohort Studies; Darunavir; Drug Therapy Combination; Female; HIV Infections; HIV-1; Humans; Italy; Male; Middle Aged; RNA Viral; Raltegravir Potassium; Ritonavir; Viral LoadGastroenterologyCohort StudiesAntiretroviral therapy; Darunavir/ritonavir; Efficacy; NRTI-sparing regimen; Raltegravir; Tolerability0302 clinical medicineMedicineNRTI-sparing regimen030212 general & internal medicineViralDarunavireducation.field_of_studyLamivudineGeneral MedicineMiddle AgedViral LoadTolerabilityAntiretroviral therapyInfectious DiseasesTolerabilityItalyCombinationRNA ViralDrug Therapy CombinationFemaleViral loadmedicine.drugAdultMicrobiology (medical)medicine.medical_specialtyEfficacyAnti-HIV Agents030106 microbiologyPopulationDarunavir/ritonavir; Raltegravir; Efficacy; Tolerability; Antiretroviral therapy; NRTI-sparing regimenSettore MED/17 - MALATTIE INFETTIVELower riskNO03 medical and health sciencesDrug TherapyInternal medicineRaltegravir PotassiumHumanseducationDarunavirRitonavirbusiness.industryDarunavir/ritonavirRaltegravirRaltegravirHIV-1RNARitonavirbusinessAntiretroviral therapy; Darunavir/ritonavir; Efficacy; NRTI-sparing regimen; Raltegravir; Tolerability;
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Social stress during adolescence activates long-term microglia inflammation insult in reward processing nuclei

2018

The experience of social stress during adolescence is associated with higher vulnerability to drug use. Increases in the acquisition of cocaine self-administration, in the escalation of cocaine-seeking behavior, and in the conditioned rewarding effects of cocaine have been observed in rodents exposed to repeated social defeat (RSD). In addition, prolonged or severe stress induces a proinflammatory state with microglial activation and increased cytokine production. The aim of the present work was to describe the long-term effects induced by RSD during adolescence on the neuroinflammatory response and synaptic structure by evaluating different glial and neuronal markers. In addition to an inc…

0301 basic medicineMaleMacroglial CellsHippocampuslcsh:MedicineSocial SciencesCell CountPathology and Laboratory MedicineHippocampusSocial defeatMice0302 clinical medicineCocaineAnimal CellsConditioning PsychologicalMedicine and Health SciencesPsychologylcsh:ScienceImmune ResponseNeuronsMultidisciplinaryMicrogliaAnimal BehaviorBrainChemistrymedicine.anatomical_structureBehavioral PharmacologyAnimal SocialityPhysical SciencesMicrogliamedicine.symptomCellular TypesAnatomyResearch ArticleInfralimbic cortexImmunologyPsychological StressInflammationGlial CellsNucleus accumbensProinflammatory cytokine03 medical and health sciencesAlkaloidsSigns and SymptomsRewardDiagnostic MedicineRecreational Drug UseMental Health and PsychiatrymedicineAnimalsMicroglial CellsSocial stressPharmacologyInflammationBehaviorbusiness.industrylcsh:RChemical CompoundsBiology and Life SciencesCell Biology030104 developmental biologyAstrocytesCellular Neurosciencelcsh:QbusinessNeuroscienceZoology030217 neurology & neurosurgeryStress PsychologicalNeuroscience
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Levosimendan prevents doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in time- and dose-dependent manner: implications for inotropy.

2019

Abstract Aims Levosimendan (LEVO) a clinically-used inodilator, exerts multifaceted cardioprotective effects. Case-studies indicate protection against doxorubicin (DXR)-induced cardiotoxicity, but this effect remains obscure. We investigated the effect and mechanism of different regimens of levosimendan on sub-chronic and chronic doxorubicin cardiotoxicity. Methods and results Based on preliminary in vivo experiments, rats serving as a sub-chronic model of doxorubicin-cardiotoxicity and were divided into: Control (N/S-0.9%), DXR (18 mg/kg-cumulative), DXR+LEVO (LEVO, 24 μg/kg-cumulative), and DXR+LEVO (acute) (LEVO, 24 μg/kg-bolus) for 14 days. Protein kinase-B (Akt), endothelial nitric oxi…

0301 basic medicineMaleMice 129 StrainTime FactorsHeart DiseasesNitric Oxide Synthase Type IIIPhysiology030204 cardiovascular system & hematologyPharmacology03 medical and health sciences0302 clinical medicineEnosPhysiology (medical)medicineCyclic AMPCyclic GMP-Dependent Protein KinasesAnimalsDoxorubicinMyocytes CardiacCalcium SignalingRats WistarProtein kinase BCyclic GMPCells CulturedSimendanCardioprotectionMice KnockoutCardiotoxicityAntibiotics AntineoplasticbiologyDose-Response Relationship DrugChemistryCalcium-Binding ProteinsMammary Neoplasms ExperimentalCardiovascular AgentsLevosimendanbiology.organism_classificationCyclic AMP-Dependent Protein KinasesMyocardial ContractionCardiotoxicityPhospholambanMice Inbred C57BL030104 developmental biologyDoxorubicinMilrinoneFemaleCardiology and Cardiovascular MedicineProto-Oncogene Proteins c-aktmedicine.drugCardiovascular research
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Moving Towards Precision Urologic Oncology: Targeting Enzalutamide-resistant Prostate Cancer and Mutated Forms of the Androgen Receptor Using the Nov…

2017

Abstract Darolutamide (ODM-201) is a novel androgen receptor (AR) antagonist with a chemical structure distinctly different from currently approved AR antagonists that targets both wild-type and mutated ligand binding domain variants to inhibit AR nuclear translocation. Here, we evaluate the activity of darolutamide in enzalutamide-resistant castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) as well as in AR mutants detected in patients after treatment with enzalutamide, abiraterone, or bicalutamide. Darolutamide significantly inhibited cell growth and AR transcriptional activity in enzalutamide-resistant MR49F cells in vitro, and led to decreased tumor volume and serum prostate-specific antigen l…

0301 basic medicineMaleModels MolecularTime FactorsTranscription GeneticProtein ConformationProstate cancerchemistry.chemical_compoundMice0302 clinical medicineMolecular Targeted TherapyTumor BurdenDarolutamideReceptors Androgen030220 oncology & carcinogenesisBenzamidesmedicine.drugSignal Transductionmedicine.medical_specialtyBicalutamideUrologyPartial agonist03 medical and health sciencesStructure-Activity RelationshipIn vivoInternal medicineCell Line TumorNitrilesPhenylthiohydantoinmedicineAndrogen Receptor AntagonistsEnzalutamideAnimalsHumansCell ProliferationDose-Response Relationship DrugCell growthbusiness.industryProstatic Neoplasmsmedicine.diseaseXenograft Model Antitumor AssaysAndrogen receptor030104 developmental biologyEndocrinologychemistryDrug Resistance NeoplasmMutationCancer researchPyrazolesbusinessEuropean urology
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Is prolonged infusion of piperacillin/tazobactam and meropenem in critically ill patients associated with improved pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic an…

2016

Objectives: We utilized the database of the Defining Antibiotic Levels in Intensive care unit patients (DALI) study to statistically compare the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic and clinical outcomes between prolonged- infusion and intermittent-bolus dosing of piperacillin/tazobactam and meropenem in critically ill patients using inclusion criteria similar to those used in previous prospective studies. Methods: This was a post hoc analysis of a prospective, multicentre pharmacokinetic point-prevalence study (DALI), which recruited a large cohort of critically ill patients from 68 ICUs across 10 countries. Results: Of the 211 patients receiving piperacillin/tazobactam and meropenem in the DAL…

0301 basic medicineMalePenicillanic Acidintensive care unitlaw.inventionthienamycin derivative abdominal infection[SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseaseslawcentral nervous system infectioncreatinine clearancePharmacology (medical)Infusions IntravenouProspective StudiesInfusions IntravenousProspective cohort studyTazobactam Drug CombinationAged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Blood Chemical Analysis; Critical Illness; Female; Humans; Infusions Intravenous; Intensive Care Units; Male; Meropenem; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Penicillanic Acid; Piperacillin; Piperacillin Tazobactam Drug Combination; Prospective Studies; Thienamycins; Treatment Outcome; Pharmacology; Microbiology (medical); Pharmacology (medical); Infectious Diseasescritical illneMicrobial Sensitivity TestadultRespiratory infectionclinical trialMiddle Agedcontinuous infusionanalogs and derivativeIntensive care unit3. Good healthAnti-Bacterial Agentsantiinfective agentintravenous drug administrationIntensive Care Units[SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and ParasitologyTreatment OutcomeInfectious DiseasesPiperacillin/tazobactammulticenter study (topic)SOFA scoreFemaletreatment outcome AgedIntravenousprospective studyHumanmedicine.drugsurvival rateMicrobiology (medical)medicine.medical_specialtyInfusionspost hoc analysirespiratory tract infectionCritical IllnessAged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Blood Chemical Analysis; Critical Illness; Female; Humans; Infusions Intravenous; Intensive Care Units; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Penicillanic Acid; Piperacillin; Prospective Studies; Thienamycins; Treatment Outcome; Pharmacology; Pharmacology (medical); Infectious Diseases030106 microbiologybloodstream infectionMicrobial Sensitivity Testsminimum inhibitory concentrationpiperacillin plus tazobactamMeropenemTazobactamArticle03 medical and health sciencescritically ill patientInternal medicineAnti-Bacterial AgentmedicineSequential Organ Failure Assessment ScoreHumansThienamycinsurvival timeblood analysiAgedPiperacillinPharmacologybusiness.industryBlood Chemical AnalysiMeropenemmajor clinical studySurgeryProspective Studiemulticenter studyPharmacology; Pharmacology (medical); Infectious Diseases[SDV.SP.PHARMA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Pharmaceutical sciences/PharmacologyThienamycinspiperacillin tazobactam drug combinationurinary tract infectionbusinessBlood Chemical AnalysisPiperacillin
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International prevalence and risk factors evaluation for drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumonia

2019

Objective: Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most frequent bacterial pathogen isolated in subjects with Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) worldwide. Limited data are available regarding the current global burden and risk factors associated with drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae (DRSP) in CAP subjects. We assessed the multinational prevalence and risk factors for DRSP-CAP in a multinational point-prevalence study. Design: The prevalence of DRSP-CAP was assessed by identification of DRSP in blood or respiratory samples among adults hospitalized with CAP in 54 countries. Prevalence and risk factors were compared among subjects that had microbiological testing and antibiotic susceptibility…

0301 basic medicineMaleStreptococcus pneumoniaantibiotic resistanceInternationalitysputum examinationbronchiectasisvery elderlyAntibioticsPrevalenceDrug resistancemedicine.disease_causeLogistic regressionGlobal HealthCommunity-Acquired Infections/epidemiologylung lavage0302 clinical medicineCommunity-acquired pneumoniaCost of IllnessRisk FactorsPrevalencedrug resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumonia030212 general & internal medicineMicrobial drug resistantAged 80 and overadultinternational cooperationdrug effectMiddle Agedinfluenza vaccinationAnti-Bacterial Agentsantiinfective agentEuropeCommunity-Acquired InfectionsHospitalizationGlobal burden of diseaseStreptococcus pneumoniaeInfectious Diseasesrisk factorbacterium identificationFemalecommunity acquired infectioninfluenzaliver diseasepneumococcal vaccinationPneumococcal infectionhospitalizationmedicine.drugMicrobiology (medical)medicine.medical_specialtyAsiamedicine.drug_class030106 microbiologySettore MED/10 - Malattie Dell'Apparato RespiratorioArticleAnti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology03 medical and health sciencesInternal medicineStreptococcus pneumoniaeDrug Resistance BacterialPneumonia Pneumococcal/epidemiologymedicineHumanscontrolled studyhumantetracyclineHospitalization/statistics & numerical dataAgedlevofloxacinnonhumanbusiness.industrydisease associationmicrobiologycommunity acquired pneumoniamacrolidePneumoniaasthmaSouth AmericaPneumonia Pneumococcalvaccinationmedicine.diseasemajor clinical studyantibiotic sensitivitypenicillin derivativePenicillinStreptococcus pneumoniae/drug effectsPneumoniablood examinationAfricaNorth Americamicrobiological examinationbusinessGlobal burden of disease; Microbial drug resistant; Pneumococcal infection; Pneumonia
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Inter-individual differences in the susceptibility of primary human hepatocytes towards drug-induced cholestasis are compound and time dependent.

2018

Abstract Cholestasis represents a major subtype of drug-induced liver injury and novel preclinical models for its prediction are needed. Here we used primary human hepatocytes (PHH) from different donors in 2D-sandwich (2D-sw) and/or 3D-spheroid cultures to study inter-individual differences in the response towards cholestatic hepatotoxins after short-term (48–72 hours) and long-term repeated exposures (14 days). The cholestatic liabilities of drugs were determined by comparing cell viability upon exposure to the highest non-cytotoxic drug concentration in the presence and absence of a non-cytotoxic concentrated bile acid mixture. In 2D-sw culture, cyclosporine A and amiodarone presented cl…

0301 basic medicineMaleTime Factorsmedicine.drug_classPrimary Cell CulturePharmacologyToxicologyRisk Assessment03 medical and health sciencesCholestasisSpheroids CellularmedicineHumansChlorpromazineCells CulturedAgedLiver injuryCholestasisBile acidDose-Response Relationship Drugbusiness.industryBile CanaliculiHepatotoxinTroglitazoneGeneral MedicineMiddle Agedmedicine.diseaseBosentan3. Good health030104 developmental biologyBiological Variation PopulationToxicityHepatocytesFemaleChemical and Drug Induced Liver Injurybusinessmedicine.drugToxicology letters
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Evolution of transmitted HIV-1 drug resistance and viral subtypes circulation in Italy from 2006 to 2016

2018

Objectives: The aim was to evaluate the evolution of transmitted HIV-1 drug resistance (TDR) prevalence in antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naïve patients from 2006 to 2016. Methods: HIV-1 sequences were retrieved from the Antiviral Response Cohort Analysis (ARCA) database and TDR was defined as detection of at least one mutation from the World Health Organization (WHO) surveillance list. Results: We included protease/reverse transcriptase sequences from 3573 patients; 455 had also integrase sequences. Overall, 68.1% of the patients were Italian, the median CD4 count was 348 cells/μL [interquartile range (IQR) 169–521 cells/μL], and the median viral load was 4.7 log 10 HIV-1 RNA copies/mL (IQR …

0301 basic medicineMaleantiretroviral therapy; HIV; recent HIV infection; resistance epidemiology; transmitted HIV drug resistance; Adult; Anti-HIV Agents; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Female; HIV Infections; HIV-1; Humans; Italy; Male; Middle Aged; Mutation; Odds Ratio; Prevalence; Viral Proteins; Drug Resistance Viralantiretroviral therapy; HIV; recent HIV infection; resistance epidemiology; transmitted HIV drug resistance; Health Policy; Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology (medical)Drug ResistanceHIV InfectionsDrug resistanceGastroenterologyInterquartile rangeOdds RatioPrevalenceHIV InfectionPharmacology (medical)ViralbiologyHealth PolicyMiddle AgedIntegraseInfectious DiseasesItalyFemaleViral loadHumanresistance epidemiologyAdultmedicine.medical_specialtytransmitted HIV drug resistanceAnti-HIV AgentsHIV; antiretroviral therapy; recent HIV infection; resistance epidemiology; transmitted HIV drug resistance030106 microbiologyantiretroviral therapySettore MED/17 - MALATTIE INFETTIVEVirus03 medical and health sciencesrecent HIV infectionViral ProteinsInternal medicineDrug Resistance ViralmedicineViral ProteinHumansbusiness.industryAnti-HIV AgentHIVOdds ratioReverse transcriptaseConfidence intervalCD4 Lymphocyte CountMutationbiology.proteinHIV-1business
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Evaluation of HIV transmission clusters among natives and foreigners living in Italy

2020

We aimed at evaluating the characteristics of HIV-1 molecular transmission clusters (MTCs) among natives and migrants living in Italy, diagnosed between 1998 and 2018. Phylogenetic analyses were performed on HIV-1 polymerase (pol) sequences to characterise subtypes and identify MTCs, divided into small (SMTCs, 2&ndash

0301 basic medicineMalelcsh:QR1-502SubtypeHIV InfectionsmigrantsBioinformatics; Cluster detection; Drug resistance testing; Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); Migrants; Molecular epidemiology; Phylogenetic analysis; Risk factors; Subtypes; Transmission networks and clusters; Adult; Cohort Studies; Female; Genotype; HIV Infections; HIV-1; Humans; Italy; Male; Middle Aged; Sexual and Gender Minorities; pol Gene Products Human Immunodeficiency Virus; Emigrants and Immigrants; Phylogenylcsh:MicrobiologyMen who have sex with menCohort StudiesSexual and Gender Minorities0302 clinical medicineGenotypehuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV); molecular epidemiology; phylogenetic analysis; migrants; cluster detection; transmission networks and clusters; subtypes; drug resistance testing; risk factors; bioinformaticsMedicinerisk factors030212 general & internal medicinepol Gene ProductsHiv transmissionPhylogenySubtypesPhylogenetic analysisTransmission (medicine)subtypesvirus diseasesHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV)bioinformaticsMiddle AgedTransmission networks and clustersCluster detectionInfectious DiseasesItalyMolecular epidemiologyCohortFemaleHuman Immunodeficiency VirusCohort studyAdultmedicine.medical_specialtyGenotypeBioinformaticsEmigrants and ImmigrantsMigrantsArticleNO03 medical and health sciencesPhylogenetic analysiVirologyHumansBioinformaticMolecular epidemiologybusiness.industryPublic healthphylogenetic analysisMigrantDrug resistance testingSettore MED/17030104 developmental biologyRisk factorspol Gene Products Human Immunodeficiency Virustransmission networks and clustersTransmission networks and clusters.HIV-1Risk factorbusinessDemography
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Low-dose agalsidase beta treatment in male pediatric patients with Fabry disease: A 5-year randomized controlled trial.

2019

Abstract Background Fabry disease is a rare, X-linked, lifelong progressive lysosomal storage disorder. Severely deficient α-galactosidase A activity in males is associated with the classic phenotype with early-onset, multisystem manifestations evolving to vital organ complications during adulthood. We assessed the ability of 2 low-dose agalsidase beta regimens to lower skin, plasma, and urine globotriaosylceramide (GL-3) levels, and influence clinical manifestations in male pediatric Fabry patients. Methods In this multicenter, open-label, parallel-group, phase 3b study, male patients aged 5–18 years were randomized to receive agalsidase beta at 0.5 mg/kg 2-weekly (n = 16) or 1.0 mg/kg 4-w…

0301 basic medicineMalemedicine.medical_specialtyAbdominal painAdolescentEndocrinology Diabetes and MetabolismGlobotriaosylceramideUrologyRenal function030105 genetics & heredityBiochemistrylaw.invention03 medical and health scienceschemistry.chemical_compound0302 clinical medicineEndocrinologyRandomized controlled triallawBiopsyGeneticsmedicineHumansEnzyme Replacement TherapyChildMolecular BiologySkinKidneymedicine.diagnostic_testDose-Response Relationship Drugbusiness.industryTrihexosylceramidesEnzyme replacement therapymedicine.diseaseFabry diseaseIsoenzymesmedicine.anatomical_structureTreatment OutcomechemistryChild Preschoolalpha-GalactosidaseFabry Diseasemedicine.symptombusiness030217 neurology & neurosurgeryMolecular genetics and metabolism
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