Search results for " ECOLOGY"
showing 10 items of 2331 documents
Neolithic Human Societies and Woodlands in the North-Western Mediterranean Region: Wood and Charcoal Analysis
2017
An overview of woodland history in the north-western Mediterranean region, based on charcoal analysis (Anthracology) from Mesolithic and Neolithic sites, is proposed for the Mediterranean areas of France, Spain and Portugal. The taxonomic identification of charcoal fragments and the diachronic variations of taxa frequencies provide, for each settlement, an accurate image of the local vegetal cover. During the end of the last glaciation, beginning of the Holocene, vegetation dynamics reflects the evolution of climatic and geographic conditions. Any potential ecological impact by hunter-fisher-gatherer communities (Mesolithic) remains invisible; the same comment applies to the farming-herding…
Straw mulch as a sustainable solution to decrease runoff and erosion in glyphosate-treated clementine plantations in Eastern Spain. An assessment usi…
2019
[EN] In many Mediterranean areas, citrus orchards exhibit high soil loss rates because of the expansion of drip irrigation that allows cultivation on sloping terrain and the widespread use of glyphosate. To mitigate these non-sustainable soil losses, straw mulch could be applied as an efficient solution but this has been poorly studied. Therefore, the main goal of this paper was to assess the use of straw mulch as a tool to reduce soil losses in clementine plantations, which can be considered representative of a typical Mediterranean citrus orchard. A total of 40 rainfall simulation experiments were carried out on 20 pairs of neighbouring bare and mulched plots. Each experiment involved app…
Mixed Driven Refinement Design of Multidimensional Models based on Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering
2015
20 pages; International audience; Data warehouses (DW) and OLAP systems are business intelligence technologies allowing the on-line analysis of huge volume of data according to users' needs. The success of DW projects essentially depends on the design phase where functional requirements meet data sources (mixed design methodology) (Phipps and Davis, 2002). However, when dealing with complex applications existing design methodologies seem inefficient since decision-makers define functional requirements that cannot be deduced from data sources (data driven approach) and/or they have not sufficient application domain knowledge (user driven approach) (Sautot et al., 2014b). Therefore, in this p…
Differential Responses of Nitrate Reducer Community Size, Structure, and Activity to Tillage Systems
2009
ABSTRACT The main objective of this study was to determine how the size, structure, and activity of the nitrate reducer community were affected by adoption of a conservative tillage system as an alternative to conventional tillage. The experimental field, established in Madagascar in 1991, consists of plots subjected to conventional tillage or direct-seeding mulch-based cropping systems (DM), both amended with three different fertilization regimes. Comparisons of size, structure, and activity of the nitrate reducer community in samples collected from the top layer in 2005 and 2006 revealed that all characteristics of this functional community were affected by the tillage system, with increa…
Impact d'anciennes activités minières sur la zone critique : exemple des mines de plomb et d'argent de Peisey-Nancroix (19ème-20ème siècle)
2018
International audience; A better understanding of long-term trace metals dispersal and their bioavailability in the critical zone is required to anticipate future impacts of present-day mining activity. The Pb-Ag district of Peisey-Nancroix (northern French Alps) is an excellent target to study the long-term environmental impacts (> 150 years) of former mines and trace metal dispersal in the critical zone, considering that every steps of the mining cycle, from ore extraction to ore processing, were located on a few hectares site that has been unmodified since mine closure in 1866 (no reclamation). A cross-disciplinary study is conducted using several proxies (ore, waste dumps, soil, water, …
Zur Geschichte der nacheiszeitlichen Umwelt und der Kulturpflanzen im Land Brandenburg
2018
International audience; The results of pollenanalytical and archaeobotanical studies presented here show the development of veg-etation in the state of Brandenburg, which was characterized by the climate and the associated natural spread of plants as well as the use of the resource forest by man.The plant food of humans was first obtained by gathering and, since the beginning of permanent settle-ment in the Neolithic period, mainly by means of agriculture. The cultivation of plants continued over the millennia, with most archaeological cultures showing their typical inventory of crops. The dynamics of these developments require further research, as there are still many spatial and temporal …
Conception de Stratégies durables de gestion des Adventices dans un contexte de Changement : le projet CoSAC
2020
International audience; La flore adventice est nuisible pour la production agricole mais est aussi l’un des piliers de la biodiversité dans les paysages agricoles.La réduction de l'usage d'herbicides demandée par le plan ECOPHYTO, implique que la gestion des adventices dorénavant combinel'ensemble des leviers du système de culture. L'objectif du projet CoSAC était de concevoir, d’évaluer et de promouvoir des systèmesde culture conciliant réduction d'usage des herbicides, maintien de la production agricole et préservation de la biodiversité. Pourcela, il était nécessaire de : (1) mieux comprendre et prédire le fonctionnement de l'agroécosystème, notamment les mécanismesbiophysiques régissant…
Valoriser la diversité cultivée pour réguler les adventices : casdar raid
2020
International audience
Un prédateur généraliste peut-il être un bon candidat pour le biocontrôle des adventices
2017
International audience
Holocene fires in the central European lowlands and the role of humans
2018
International audience; A major debate concerns the questions of when and to what extent humans affected regional landscapes, especially land cover and associated geomorphological dynamics, significantly beyond natural variability. Fire is both, a natural component of many climate zones and ecosystems around the globe and also closely related to human land cover change. Humans clearly affected natural fire regimes and landscapes in the most recent centuries, acting as prime ignition triggers and later fire suppressors, while Holocene trends in sedimentary charcoal have been mainly associated with climatic factors and partly with Neolithic land cover change. However, little is known since wh…