Search results for " EFFICIENCY"
showing 10 items of 1091 documents
Determination of Evapotranspiration and Annual Biomass Productivity of a Cactus Pear [Opuntia ficus-indica L. (Mill.)] Orchard in a Semiarid Environm…
2013
A micrometeorological approach based on the surface energy balance was adopted to estimate evapotranspiration fluxes and crop coefficient data from an irrigated cactus pear [Opuntia ficus-indica L. (Mill.)] orchard under Mediterranean climatic conditions. Highfrequency temperature readings were taken above the canopy top to get sensible heat flux values (HSR) using the surface renewal technique. These values were compared against eddy covariance sensible heat fluxes (HEC) for calibration. Latent heat flux (or evapotranspiration, ET) was obtained by solving the daily energy balance equation. Measurements of soil hydraulic components were integrated with the analysis of the surface energy flu…
Rootstock influences seasonal dry matter and carbohydrate content and partitioning in aboveground components of 'Flordaprince' peach trees
1997
Seasonal development of leaf area, leaf area index (LAI), dry matter, and carbohydrate content were measured from harvest 1992 to harvest 1993 in above-ground components of `Flordaprince' peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] trees grafted on GF 677 (Prunus persica × Prunus amygdalus) and MrS 2/5 (Prunus cerasifera free pollinated) rootstocks, which widely differ in vigor. Whole trees were separated into fruit, leaves, shoots, 1-year-old wood and >1-year-old wood. Sampling dates were coincident with key fruit and tree developmental stages: dormancy, fruit set, pit hardening, and fruit harvest. Rootstock modified the vegetative vigor of the tree, the seasonal partitioning of dry matter, and …
Underlay Device-to-Device Communications on Multiple Channels
2018
Author´s accepted manuscript (postprint). © 2018 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works. Since the spectral efficiency of wireless communications is already close to its fundamental bounds, a significant increase in spatial efficiency is required to meet future traffic demands. Device-to-device (D2D) communications provide such an increase by allowing nearby u…
Infrared study of the MoO3 doping efficiency in 4,4′-bis(N-carbazolyl)-1,1′-biphenyl (CBP)
2013
AbstractElectrochemical doping produces clear changes in the vibrational spectra of organic semiconductors as we show here for the system molybdenum oxide (MoO3) doped into the charge transport material 4,4′-bis(N-carbazolyl)-1,1′-biphenyl (CBP). Based on density-functional theory (DFT) calculations of vibrational spectra, the new spectral features can be attributed to the CBP cation that forms as a result of electron transfer from CBP to MoO3. The intensity of the new vibrational lines is a direct measure for the probability of charge transfer. MoO3 agglomerating within the CBP matrix limits the active interface area between the two species. The appearance of a broad electronic transition …
Red and far-red sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence as a measure of plant photosynthesis
2015
Remote estimation of Sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence emitted by terrestrial vegetation can provide an unparalleled opportunity to track spatiotemporal variations of photosynthetic efficiency. Here we provide the first direct experimental evidence that the two peaks of the chlorophyll fluorescence spectrum can be accurately mapped from high-resolution radiance spectra and that the signal is linked to variations in actual photosynthetic efficiency. Red and far red fluorescence measured using a novel airborne imaging spectrometer over a grass carpet treated with an herbicide known to inhibit photosynthesis was significantly higher than the corresponding signal from an equivalent untreated…
Structure optimization of azobenzene oligomers for holography
2005
Azobenzene oligomer layers with side chain chromofore groups (ChG) has been experimentally studied to optimize scalar and vector hologram recording at 633 nm. ChG with different acceptors (Br, NO2, H, CN) and different bonding type to the matrix (dispersed without bonding or with covalent bonding) were used. The influence of oligomer matrix (polyvinylbuthirol, tolyle, hexamethylene, polyvinylpirolidone, double matrix) and spacers was also studied. The best results (the maximal diffraction efficiency of 7.9% and the minimal specific recording energy of 0.38 J/(cm2 %)) are obtained for ChG with one NO2 acceptor group covalently bonded to tolyle matrix. Double matrix considerably decreases the…
MWCNTs-Supported Pd(II) Complexes with High Catalytic Efficiency in Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Alkaline Media
2018
We report here the remarkable catalytic efficiency observed for two Pd(II) azamacrocyclic complexes supported on multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) toward oxygen reduction reactions. Beyond a main (90%) 4e
Strategies to decrease water drainage and nitrate emission from soilless cultures of greenhouse tomato
2010
In the spring-summer season of 2005 and 2006, we explored the influence of three fertigation strategies (A–C) on the water and nitrogen use efficiency of semi-closed rockwool culture of greenhouse tomato conducted using saline water (NaCl concentration of 9.5 mol m−3). The strategies under comparison were the following: (A) crop water uptake was compensated by refilling the mixing tank with nutrient solution at full strength (with the concentrations of macronutrients equal or close to the corresponding mean uptake concentrations as determined in previous studies) and the recirculating nutrient solution was flushed out whenever its electrical conductivity (EC) surpassed 4.5 dS m−1 due to the…
Price Theory and US Antitrust: a Note on an Enduring Legal Doctrine
2013
Since the mid-1980s the post-Chicago approach to antitrust economics has produced a few game-theoretic models which have challenged many typical Chicago antitrust propositions. Yet, Chicago style antitrust has not yet lost its hold on u.s. antitrust. The paper suggests that the Chicago persistence within u.s. antitrust and, by the same token, the inhospitality of u.s. antitrust towards game-theoretical Industrial Organization theory owe much to the vitality of the legal doctrine according to which antitrust analysis should be consistent with traditional price theory. In particular, the paper analyzes two issues: i. the adoption of the equilibrium end-state notion of competition which is sti…
A methodology for sizing a trigeneration plant in mediterranean areas
2003
Combined heat and power production is an old and well-known technique for the rational use of energy and, thanks to more than fifty years of experience, the state of art can be considered very advanced from a technological point of view. Trigeneration, that is combined electric, heat and cooling energy production, is however a quite recent technology and is becoming economically viable thanks to the commercial spread of absorption chillers. In fact, a well-projected trigeneration plant can achieve better results than a cogenerative one. The CHCP plant benefits over CHP will be underlined, showing the effects of regularisation of annual thermal load curves generated by consumption for feedin…