Search results for " EPIDEMIOLOGY"
showing 10 items of 704 documents
Association of bullying victimization with overweight and obesity among adolescents from 41 low‐ and middle‐income countries
2019
Background: Data on the association between overweight/obesity and bullying victimization among adolescents are scarce from low- and middle-income countries. Objectives: We assessed the associations between overweight/obesity and bullying victimization in 41 low- and middle-income countries. Methods: Cross-sectional data from the Global School-based Student Health Survey were analysed. Data on past 30-day bullying victimization (including type) and body mass index based on measured weight and height were collected. The 2007 WHO Child Growth reference was used to define overweight and obesity. Multivariable logistic regression (multinomial and binary) and meta-analyses based on country-wise …
The Norwegian healthy body image intervention promotes positive embodiment through improved self-esteem
2020
We examined both direct and indirect effects of the Healthy Body Image (HBI) intervention on positive embodiment among Norwegian high school students. In total, 2446 12th grade boys (43 %) and girls (mean age 16.8 years) from 30 schools participated in a cluster-randomized controlled study with the HBI intervention and a control condition as the study arms. We tested mediation models using path analysis and found that among several hypothesized mediators, only self-esteem mediated a positive intervention effect on positive embodiment for both boys and girls. A direct effect of the intervention on positive embodiment was only found in girls. The study provides novel findings indicating that …
Cross-country comparisons of trends in adolescent psychosomatic symptoms : a Rasch analysis of HBSC data from four Nordic countries
2018
BACKGROUND: To analyse the psychometric properties of the HBSC Symptom Checklist (HBSC-SCL) on psychosomatic symptoms with a focus on the operating characteristics of the items, and on the impacts of measurement distortions on the comparisons of person measures across time and between countries.METHODS: Data were collected in 1993/94, 1997/98, 2001/02, 2005/06, 2008/09, 2013/14 in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden as part of the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study. Data comprised 116,531 students 11, 13 and 15 years old. Rasch analysis was conducted of the HBSC-SCL consisting of eight items with a focus on Differential Item Functioning (DIF) and item threshold ordering. …
Physical multimorbidity predicts the onset and persistence of anxiety: A prospective analysis of the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing.
2022
Background: The aims of the present study were to examine prospective associations of multimorbidity (i.e., >= 2 chronic conditions) at baseline with incident and persistent anxiety over a two-year follow-up period among Irish older adults, and to quantify the extent to which sleep, pain, and disability mediate the multimorbidity-anxiety relationship.& nbsp;Methods: Data from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Aging (TILDA) conducted between 2009 and 2011 with a follow-up after two years were analyzed. Anxiety referred to score >=& nbsp;8 on the anxiety section of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Lifetime diagnosis of 14 chronic conditions was obtained. Outcomes were in…
Midlife Cardiovascular Status and Old Age Physical Functioning Trajectories in Older Businessmen
2019
Objectives The associations between cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and later physical functioning have been observed, but only a few studies with follow-up into old age are available. We investigated the association between cardiovascular status in midlife and physical functioning trajectories in old age. Design Prospective cohort study. Setting Helsinki Businessmen Study. Participants We studied white men born between 1919 and 1934 in the Helsinki Businessmen Study (HBS, initial n = 3490). Measurements Three CVD status groups were formed based on clinical measurements carried out in 1974: signs of CVD (diagnosed clinically or with changes in ECG, chronic disease present or used medicati…
Olive oil consumption is associated with lower frailty risk: a prospective cohort study of community-dwelling older adults
2021
Abstract Background There is no evidence on the specific beneficial association of the main types of olive oil consumption with frailty. Objective The aim was to assess the relationship between olive oil consumption and incident frailty in community-dwelling older adults. Design Prospective cohort. Setting Participants were recruited in 2008–10 and follow-up through 2013. Subjects In total, 1,896 older adults aged 60+. Methods At baseline, olive oil and other food consumption was collected using a validated dietary history. Incident frailty was defined as having at least three of the following five Fried-based criteria: low physical activity, fatigue, slow walking, muscle weakness and unint…
Knee osteoarthritis and risk of hypertension: A longitudinal cohort study
2018
Whilst previous research has indicated an association between osteoarthritis and cardiovascular disease, it remains unclear whether people with osteoarthritis are at greater risk of developing hypertension. The aim of this study was to answer this uncertainity. We used the data of the Osteoarhritis Iniative, an ongoing public and private longitudinal study including people at higher risk of osteoarthritis or having knee osteoarthritis. Knee osteoarthritis was defined through radiological and clinical assessment. Incident hypertension was defined as a systolic blood pressure >140 mmHg and/or a diastolic value >90 mmHg. Multivariate Cox’s regression analyses were constructed where the p…
Association between lower limb osteoarthritis and incidence of depressive symptoms: data from the osteoarthritis initiative
2016
Background: osteoarthritis (OA) is associated with a number of medical morbidities. Although the prevalence of depression and depressive symptoms is presumed to be high in people with OA, no prospective comparative study has analyzed its incidence. Objective: to determine whether OA was associated with an increased odds of developing depressive symptoms. Design: longitudinal cohort study (follow-up: 4.2 years). Setting: data were gathered from the North American Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI) dataset. Subjects: people at higher risk developing OA. Methods: OA diagnosis was defined as the presence of OA at hand, knee, hip, back/neck or other sites at baseline. Depressive symptoms were defin…
Effects of pet exposure in the first year of life on respiratory and allergic symptoms in 7-yr-old children. The SIDRIA-2 study
2010
Lombardi E, Simoni M, La Grutta S, Viegi G, Bisanti L, Chellini E, Dell’Orco V, Migliore E, Petronio MG, Pistelli R, Rusconi F, Sestini P, Forastiere F, Galassi C and the SIDRIA-2 Collaborative Group. Effects of pet exposure in the first year of life on respiratory and allergic symptoms in 7-yr-old children. The SIDRIA-2 study. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2010: 21: 268–276. © 2009 John Wiley & Sons A/S The effects of pet exposure on the development of respiratory symptoms have recently been the matter of vivid discussion. Our objective was to determine the effects of exposure to cat or dog in the first year of life on subsequent respiratory/allergic symptoms in children in a large Italian multi…
Tumor Diagnosis Preceding Alzheimer's Disease Onset: Is There a Link Between Cancer and Alzheimer's Disease?
2012
Studies reporting an inverse association between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cancer are scant. Available data are mostly based on ancillary findings of mortality data or obtained from studies evaluating frequency of neoplasms in AD patients independently if they occurred before or after AD. Moreover, some studies estimated frequencies of neoplasms in demented individuals, who were not necessarily AD patients. We estimated frequency of tumors preceding the onset of AD in AD patients and compared it to that of age- and gender-matched AD-free individuals. Occurrence of tumors preceding AD onset was assessed through a semi-structured questionnaire. Tumors were categorized as benign, malignant,…