Search results for " EXERCISE"
showing 10 items of 1621 documents
Effects of work-interval duration and sport specificity on blood lactate concentration, heart rate and perceptual responses during high intensity int…
2018
The aim of this study was to examine the impacts on blood lactate concentration, measured heart rate and assessment of perceived exertion during split sessions of equal relative load, as also their relationship to the specific sport practised. Nineteen regional-level athletes (nine middle and long-distance runners (cyclic group) and ten field-sport team players (acyclic group)) performed four high-intensity interval training (HIIT) sessions with work-interval durations of 10 s, 50 s, 90 s and 130 s. The sessions were carried out at their usual training sites with a separation of at least 48 hours. Blood lactate concentration was measured at rest and 3 min after the completion of each protoc…
Central alterations of neuromuscular function and feedback from group III-IV muscle afferents following exhaustive high-intensity one-leg dynamic exe…
2015
The aims of this investigation were to describe the central alterations of neuromuscular function induced by exhaustive high-intensity one-leg dynamic exercise (OLDE, study 1) and to indirectly quantify feedback from group III-IV muscle afferents via muscle occlusion (MO, study 2) in healthy adult male humans. We hypothesized that these central alterations and their recovery are associated with changes in afferent feedback. Both studies consisted of two time-to-exhaustion tests at 85% peak power output. In study 1, voluntary activation level (VAL), M-wave, cervicomedullary motor evoked potential (CMEP), motor evoked potential (MEP), and MEP cortical silent period (CSP) of the knee extensor…
Lactate: mirror and motor of tumor malignancy
2004
A number of studies have shown that malignant transformation is associated with an increase in glycolytic flux and in anaerobic and aerobic cellular lactate excretion. Using quantitative bioluminescence imaging in various primary carcinomas in patients (uterine cervix, head and neck, colorectal region) at first diagnosis of the disease, we showed that lactate concentrations in tumors in vivo can be relatively low or extremely high (up to 40 micromol/g) in different individual tumors or within the same lesion. In all tumor entities investigated, high concentrations of lactate were correlated with a high incidence of distant metastasis already in an early stage of the disease. Low lactate tum…
Presence of Oxytocin, Vasopressin and Atrial Natriuretic Peptide and Their Modification in Rat Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus During Resistance…
2013
Summary Many studies have demonstrated the physiological effects of oxytocin (OT), atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and vasopressin (VP) in the homoeostasis of body fluids during physical exercise. However, a little information is available about the related immunohistochemical changes in hypothalamic magnocellular neurosecretory system during and after the training. The aim of the present work was to study the immunohistochemical changes in OT, ANP and VP levels in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus during and after resistance exercise protocol. Three groups of Wistar rats were trained by a rung ladder protocol for 15, 30 and 45 days, respectively; a fourth group was left to rest for…
The effects of a physical and cognitive training intervention vs. physical training alone on older adults' physical activity : A randomized controlle…
2021
BackgroundExecutive functions underlie self-regulation and are thus important for physical activity and adaptation to new situations. The aim was to investigate, if yearlong physical and cognitive training (PTCT) had greater effects on physical activity among older adults than physical training (PT) alone, and if executive functions predicted physical activity at baseline, after six (6m) and twelve months (12m) of the interventions, one-year post-intervention follow-up and an extended follow-up during COVID-19 lockdown.MethodsData from a single-blinded, parallel-group randomized controlled trial (PASSWORD-study, ISRCTN52388040) were utilized. Participants were 70-85 years old community-dwel…
Plantar flexor activation capacity and H reflex in older adults: adaptations to strength training.
2002
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the voluntary neural drive and the excitability of the reflex arc could be modulated by training, even in old age. To this aim, the effects of a 16-wk strengthening program on plantar flexor voluntary activation (VA) and on the maximum Hoffman reflex (Hmax)-to-maximum M wave (Mmax) ratio were investigated in 14 elderly men (65–80 yr). After training, isometric maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) increased by 18% ( P < 0.05) and weight-lifting ability by 24% ( P < 0.001). Twitch contraction time decreased by 8% ( P < 0.01), but no changes in half relaxation time and in peak twitch torque were observed. The VA, assessed by twitch …
Effects of electromyostimulation versus voluntary isometric training on elbow flexor muscle strength.
2007
The purpose of this study was to determine whether 7 weeks of standardized (same number and duration of repetitions, sets and rest strictly identical) electromyostimulation training of the elbow flexor muscles would induce strength gains equivalent to those of voluntary isometric training in isometric, eccentric and concentric contractions. Twenty-five males were randomly assigned to an electromyostimulated group (EMS, n=9), a voluntary isometric group (VOL, n=8), or a control group (CON, n=8). Maximal voluntary isometric, eccentric and concentric strength, electromyographic (EMG) activity of the biceps and triceps brachii muscles, elbow flexor muscle activation (twitch interpolation techni…
Resistance exercise with whey protein ingestion affects mTOR signaling pathway and myostatin in men.
2009
Signaling pathways sense local and systemic signals and regulate muscle hypertrophy. The effects of whey protein ingestion on acute and long-term signaling responses of resistance exercise are not well known. Previously untrained young men were randomized into protein ( n = 9), placebo ( n = 9), and control ( n = 11) groups. Vastus lateralis (VL) muscle biopsies were taken before and 1 h and 48 h after a leg press of 5 × 10 repetitions [resistance exercise (RE)] and after 21 wk (2 times per week) of resistance training (RT). Protein (15 g of whey) or nonenergetic placebo was ingested before and after a single RE bout and each RE workout throughout the RT. The protein group increased its bo…
Objectively measured physical activity in Finnish employees: a cross-sectional study.
2014
Objectives: To objectively measure the amount of intensity-specific physical activity by gender and age with respect to body mass index (BMI) during workdays and days off among Finnish employees. Design: A cross-sectional study. Setting: Primary care occupational healthcare units. Participants: A sample of 9554 Finnish employees (4221 men and 5333 women; age range 18–65 years; BMI range 18.5–40 kg/m2) who participated in health assessments related to occupational health promotion. Main outcome measurements: The amount of moderate-to-vigorous (MVPA) and vigorous (VPA) physical activity (≥3 and ≥6 metabolic equivalents, respectively) was assessed by estimating the minuteto-minute oxygen consu…
Xanthine oxidase is involved in exercise-induced oxidative stress in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
1999
In the present study, we hypothesized that exhaustive exercise in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) results in glutathione oxidation and lipid peroxidation and that xanthine oxidase (XO) contributes to free radical generation during exercise. COPD patients performed incremental cycle ergometry until exhaustion with (n = 8) or without (n = 8) prior treatment with allopurinol, an XO inhibitor. Reduced (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and lipid peroxides [malondialdehyde (MDA)] were measured in arterial blood. In nontreated COPD patients, maximal exercise (approximately 75 W) resulted in a significant increase in the GSSG-to-GSH ratio (4. 6 +/- 0.9% at rest vs. 9.…