Search results for " EXPRESSION"
showing 10 items of 4731 documents
In developing Drosophila neurones the production of γ-amino butyric acid is tightly regulated downstream of glutamate decarboxylase translation and c…
2003
The presented work pioneers the embryonic Drosophila CNS for studies of the developmental regulation and function of gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA). We describe for the first time the developmental pattern of GABA in Drosophila and address underlying regulatory mechanisms. Surprisingly, and in contrast to vertebrates, detectable levels of GABA occur late during Drosophila neurogenesis, after essential neuronal proliferation and growth have taken place and synaptogenesis has been initiated. This timeline is almost unchanged when the GABA synthetase glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) is strongly misexpressed throughout the nervous system suggesting a tight post-translational regulation of GABA ex…
Single cell 3’UTR analysis identifies changes in alternative polyadenylation throughout neuronal differentiation and in autism
2020
SUMMARYAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disease affecting social behavior. Many of the high-confident ASD risk genes relate to mRNA translation. Specifically, many of these genes are involved in regulation of gene expression for subcellular compartmentalization of proteins1. Cis-regulatory motifs that often localize to 3’- and 5’-untranslated regions (UTRs) offer an additional path for posttranscriptional control of gene expression. Alternative cleavage and polyadenylation (APA) affect 3’UTR length thereby influencing the presence or absence of regulatory elements. However, APA has not yet been addressed in the context of neurodevelopmental disorders. Here we used sing…
Effects of dietary phytophenols on the expression of microRNAs involved in mammalian cell homeostasis
2013
Besides synthesizing nutritive substances (proteins, fats and carbohydrates) for energy and growth, plants produce numerous non-energetic so-called secondary metabolites (mainly polyphenols) that allow them to protect themselves against infections and other types of hostile environments. Interestingly, these polyphenols often provide cells with valuable bioactive properties for the maintenance of their functions and homeostasis (signaling, gene regulation, protection against acquired or infectious diseases, etc.) both in humans and animals. Namely, from a nutritional point of view, and based on epidemiological data, it is now well accepted that the regular consumption of green vegetables, f…
The arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis promotes the systemic induction of regulatory defence-related genes in rice leaves and confers resistance to pat…
2011
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbioses are mutualistic associations between soil fungi and most vascular plants. Their association benefits the host plant by improving nutrition, mainly phosphorus nutrition, and by providing increased capability to cope with adverse conditions. In this study, we investigated the transcriptional changes triggered in rice leaves as a result of AM symbiosis, focusing on the relevance of the plant defence response. We showed that root colonization by the AM fungus Glomus intraradices is accompanied by the systemic induction of genes that play a regulatory role in the host defence response, such as OsNPR1, OsAP2, OsEREBP and OsJAmyb. Genes involved in signal tran…
Investigation of interleukin-1 alpha and interleukin-6 expression and interleukin-1 alpha gene polymorphism in keratocystic odontogenic tumors and am…
2011
Objective: In jawbones, ameloblastomas and odontogenic keratocysts share many clinical features in common such as aggressiveness, high recurrence rates and radical management options. Understanding the pathogenesis and biological aspects of these tumors would improve the success of diagnose and treatment procedures. The aim of this study was to exhibit the reasons of high recurrence rates and growth potentials of ameloblastomas and keratocystic odontogenic tumours by investigating the expression of IL-1? and IL-6 and IL-1? -889 gene polymorphism. IL-1? and IL-6 are shown as very effective tissue degrading factors in bone remodelling. Study Design: This study included 25 cases of ameloblasto…
Gene Regulation of Peroxisomal Enzymes by Nutrients, Hormones and Nuclear Signalling Factors in Animal and Human Species
2003
Many peroxisomal enzymes are controlled at the transcriptional level. This gene regulation is well documented in liver from rodent species and is more important upon peroxisome proliferation, although both phenomena are not always associated. Understanding of this regulation comes largely from studies on PPARs (Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors). Other transcription factors including thyroid hormone receptors, glucocorticoid receptors, LXR, also influence peroxisomal gene expression often in combination with tissue specific cofactors (co-activators or co-repressors). In human tissues and cells, inducibility of peroxisomal enzymes often has not been investigated. De Craemer (1995) …
Nitrate/oxygen co-sensing by an NreA/NreB sensor complex ofStaphylococcus carnosus
2013
In Staphylococci maximal induction of nitrate reductase (narGHJI genes) requires anaerobic conditions, the presence of nitrate, and the NreABC regulatory system. Aerobic regulation is effected by the NreB/NreC two-component system. The role of the nitrate receptor NreA in nitrate induction and its relation to aerobic regulation was analysed in Staphylococcus carnosus. Nitrate induction of a narG-lip reporter gene required presence of NreB/NreC. When nreA was deleted, nitrate was no longer required for maximal induction, suggesting that NreA is a nitrate regulated inhibitor of NreB/NreC. In vitro, NreA and mutant NreA(Y95A) decreased NreB phosphorylation in part or completely, which was due …
34 Early Gene Regulation in Retina and Choroid After Ashpyxia and Resuscitation in Newborn Piglets
2010
34 Early Gene Regulation in Retina and Choroid After Ashpyxia and Resuscitation in Newborn Piglets
Nitric oxide synthesis is related to astroglial cell cycle in the mouse retina via p53 gene regulation
2009
Purpose To analyze the influence of p53 gene in retinal astrocytes morphology and function. Methods Adult mice of the strain C57BL/6 were distributed into two groups: 1) wild type TP53, as the controls (cp53; n=20) and 2) mice with an extra copy of p53 (sp53; n=22). Both eyeballs were enucleated, after death by ether narcosis, to obtain the retinas. Right retinas were frozen (-85oC) until processing to assess nitric oxide (NO) synthesis. Left retinas were obtained and proccesed to perform immunohistochemical localization of the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Data are expressed as the mean ± SD. Statistical analysis was carried out using Student’s t-test. Confidence interval was tak…
Respiration and low cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity are required for high-level expression of the peroxisomal thiolase gene in Saccharomyces c…
1996
Transcription of genes for peroxisomal proteins is repressed by glucose and induced by oleate. At least for the peroxisomal thiolase gene (POT1) there is a third regulatory mechanism, mediated by the transcription factor Adr1p, which is responsible for the high-level expression of the gene in stationary phase. Here we show that a region in the POT1 promoter that extends from positions -238 to -152 mediates this mechanism, and we suggest that Adr1p acts indirectly on POT1. We have also analyzed the role of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) in the transcriptional regulation of POT1. PKA exerts a negative control: the high, unregulated PKA activity in a bcy1 mutant maintains POT1 transcr…